López-Cabral JA, Rivera-Cisneros A, Rodríguez-Camacho H, Sánchez-González JM, Serna-Sánchez I, Trejo-Trejo M

Language: English
References: 14
Page: 194-201
PDF size: 65.03 Kb.

ABSTRACT

High intensity physical exercise favors accumulation of lactate in muscles and bloodstream, leading to impaired muscle function and exercise performance. This study evaluated the effect of citrulline malate (CM) on blood lactate concentration and perception of fatigue after muscular effort in high performance athletes. Seventy-two high-performance athletes who gave written informed consent were randomly assigned to CM 3 g/day, CM 6 g/day or placebo for 13 days. Blood lactate measurements were performed every training day. Fatigue was assessed through an auto-administered questionnaire at baseline and after 6 and 13 days. Main criterion was the percentage of blood lactate recovery 30 minutes after training. The mean percentage of lactate recovery 30 minutes after training was 89.3 ± 1.1% in the CM3 and 97.9 ± 1.3% in the CM6 group, becoming significantly greater than placebo at day 5 with CM3 and at day 3 with CM6. Lactate variations were stable or decreased in the 2 active groups, whereas they increased in the placebo group. At day 13, there was no fatigue perceived in 87.8% (CM6), 71.3% (CM3) and 15.9% (placebo) athletes. Citrulline malate enhances lactate and fatigue recovery of high performance endurance athletes, allowing a faster recovery and training adaptation without deletarious effects.

REFERENCES

1. Allen DG, Lännergren J, Westerblad H. Muscle cell function during prolonged activity: Cellular mechanisms of fatigue. Exp Physiol 1995; 80: 497-527.

2. Green HJ. Mechanisms of muscle fatigue in intense exercise. J Sport Sci 1997; 15: 247–256.

3. Minshull C, Gleeson N, Walters-Edwards M, Eston R, Rees D. Effects of acute fatigue on the volitional and magnetically-evoked electromechanical delay of the flexors in males and females. Eur J Appl Physiol 2007; 100: 469-478.

4. Sahlin K, Ren JM. Relationship of contraction capacity to metabolic changes during recovery from a fatiguing contraction. J Appl Physiol 1989; 67: 648-654.

5. Westerblad H, Allen DG. Changes of intracellular pH due to repetitive stimulation of single fibres from mouse skeletal muscle. J Physiol 1992; 453: 413-434.

6. Takeda K, Machida M, Kohara A, Omi N, Takemasa T. Effects of citrulline implementation on fatigue and exercise performance in mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 2011; 57: 246-250.

7. Bendahan D, Mattei JP, Ghattas B, Confort-Gouny S, Le Guern ME, Cozzone PJ. Citrulline/malate promotes aerobic energy production in human exercising muscle. Br J Sports Med 2002; 36: 282-289.

8. Perez-Guisado J, Jakeman PM. Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness. J Strenght Condit Res 2010; 24 (5): 1215-1222.

9. Brun JF. The overtraining: To a system of evaluation usable by routine examination. Science and Sport 2003; 18: 282-286.

10. Goodwin ML, Harris JE, Hernández A, Gladden LB. Blood Lactate Measurements and Analysis during Exercise: A Guide for Clinicians. J Diab Sci Technol 2007; 1: 558-569.

11. Phillips SM, Green HJ, Tarnopolsky MA, Heigenhauser GJF, Grant SM. Progressive effect of endurance training on metabolic adaptations in working skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol 1996; 270: 265-272.

12. Messonnier L, Freund H, Denis C, Féasson L, Lacour JL. Effects of training on lactate kinetics parameters and their influence on short high-intensity exercise performance. Int J Sport Med 2006; 27 (1): 60-66.

13. Green JH, Bombardier E, Duhamel TA, Stewart RD, Tupling RA, Ouyang J. Metabolic, enzymatic and transporter response in human muscle during three consecutive days of exercise and recovery. AJP 2008; 295 (4): 1238-1250.

14. Vanuxem D, Duflot JC, Prevot H et al. Influence of an anti-asthenia agent, citrulline malate, on serum lactate and ammonia kinetics during a maximum exercise test in sedentary subjects. Séminaire des Hôpitaux de Paris 1990; 66: 477–481.