medigraphic.com
Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2012, Number 2

<< Back Next >>

Med Int Mex 2012; 28 (2)

Vegetative state. Current concepts

Carillo ER, Hernández CRC, Puebla CJG, Castillo HA

Language: Spanish
References: 34
Page: 162-170
PDF size: 305.24 Kb.


ABSTRACT

The vegetative state is increasingly more frequently due to advances in early diagnosis and treatment of severe brain disease, in particular the traumatic brain injury. The vegetative state is defined as a clinical condition that occurs with lack of awareness of itself and the environment, coupled with sleep/awake cycles.
In recent years guidelines have been developed in which points in its definition, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and particularly ethical, moral and legal aspects governing the management and follow-up of this group of patients. This work aims to make a review of the current scientific evidence related to this interesting entity with the aim that everyone involved in the management of these patients have at their disposal the best tools to provide to these patients with the highest standards of quality and safety of care.


REFERENCES

  1. Grossmann P. Post-traumatic apallic syndrome following head injury. Part 1: Clinical characteristics. Disabil Rehabil 1996;18:1-20.

  2. Dávila-Maldonado L. Estado vegetativo crónico persistente. Revista Mexicana de Anestesiología 1993;16:74-80.

  3. Krimchansky B, Galperin T, Groswasser Z. Vegetative State. IMAJ 2006;8:819-823.

  4. Gosseries O, Bruno M, Chatelle C, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Schnakers C, Soddu A. Disorders of consciousness: What’s in a name? Neuro Rehabilitation 2011;28:3-14.

  5. The Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Practice parameters: Assessment and management of patients in the persistent vegetative state. Neurology 1995;45:1015-1018.

  6. Seel R, Sherer M, Whyte J, Katz D, Giacino J, Rosenbaum A. Assessment scales for disorders of consciousness: evidencebased recommendations for clinical practice and research. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2010;91:1795-1813.

  7. Bernat J. Current Controversies in States of Chronic Unconsciousness. Neurology Clinical Practice 2010;75(Suppl 1):S33-S38.

  8. Monti M, Laureys S, Owen A. The Vegetative State. BMJ 2010;341:376.

  9. Fernandez-Espejo D, Junque C, Bernabeu M, Roig-Rovira T, Vendrell P, Mercader J. Reductions of thalamic volume and regional shape changes in the vegetative and the minimally conscious states. J. Neurotrauma 2010;27:1187-1193.

  10. Cvetkovic D, Cosic I. States of consciousness. The Frontiers Collection. Chapter 2, Disorders of consciousness: coma, vegetative and minimally conscious states. Ed Springer-Verlag, Berlin 2011.

  11. Levy E, McVeigh U, Ramsay A. Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity (Sympathetic Storm) in a Patient With Permanent Vegetative State. Journal of Palliative Medicine 2011;14(X).

  12. Dolce G, Quintieri M, Leto E, Milano M, Pileggi A, Lagani V. Dysautonomia and clinical outcome in vegetative state. Journal of Neurotrauma 2008;25:1079-1082.

  13. Schnakers C, Ledoux D, Majerus S, Damas P, Damas F, Lambermont B. Diagnostic and prognostic use of bispectral index in coma, vegetative state and related disorders. Brain Injury 2008;22:926-931.

  14. Owen A. Disorders of Consciousness. Ann NY Acad Sci 2008;1124: 225-238.

  15. Andrews K. International working party on the management of the vegetative state: summary report. Brain injury 1996;10:797-806.

  16. Pistoia F, Mura E, Govoni S, Fini M, Sará M. Awakenings and awareness recovery in disorders of consciousness. Is there a role for Drugs? CNS Drugs 2010;24(8):625-638.

  17. Clauss RP, Guldenpfennig WM, Nel HW, Sathekge MM, Venkannagen RR. Extraordinary arousal from semi comatose state on zolpidem: a case report. South African Medical Journal 2000;90:68-72.

  18. Cohen S, Duong T. Increased arousal in a patient with anoxic brain injury after administration of zolpidem. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2008;87:229-231.

  19. Singh R, McDonald C, Dawson K, Lewis S, Pringle AM, Smith S, et al. Zolpidem in a minimally conscious state. Brain Injury 2008;22:103-106.

  20. The Guardian. Court orders “miracle” drug treatment. 7 december 2006;4.

  21. García-Santos G, Herrera F, Martín V, Rodríguez-Blanco J, Antolín I, Fernández-Marí F, et al. Antioxidant activity and neuroprotective efects of zolpidem and several synthesis intermediates. Free Radical Research 2004;38:1289-1299.

  22. Clauss R, Nel W. Drug induced arousal from the permanent vegetative state. Neurorehabilitation 2006;21:23-28.

  23. Snyman N, Egan JR, Howman-Giles R, Scheinberg A. Zolpidem for persistent vegetative state. A placebo-controlled trial in pediatrics. Neuropediatrics 2010;41:223-227.

  24. Whyte J, Myers R. Incidence of clinically significant responses to zolpidem among patients with disorders of consciousness. A preliminary placebo controlled trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2009;88:410-418.

  25. Brunton L, Parker K, Blumenthal D, Buxton L. Goodman and Gilman´s manual of pharmacology and therapeutics. Chapter 19: Pharmacology of epilepsy. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008;331.

  26. Chatam-Showalter PE, Netsky-Kimmel D. Stimulating consciousness and cognition following severe brain injury: a new potential clinical use for lamotrigine. Brain injury 2000;14(11):997-1001.

  27. Dario A. Relationship between intrathecal baclofen and the central nervous system. Acta Neurochir 2007;97 (Suppl):461-464.

  28. Sará M, Pistoia F, Mura E, Onorati P, Govoni S. Intrathecal baclofen in patients with persistent vegetative state: 2 hypotheses. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2009;90:1245-1249.

  29. Ugoya S, Akinyemi R. The place of L-dopa/carbidopa in persistent vegetative state. Clinical neuropharmacology 2010;33(6):279-284.

  30. Whyte J, Katz D, Long D. Predictors of outcome in prolonged posttraumatic disorders of consciousness and assessment of medication effects: a multicenter study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005;86(3)453-462.

  31. Schnakers C, Hustinx R, Vandewalle G, Majerus S, Moonen G, Boly M, et al. Measuring the effect of amantadine in chronic anoxic minimally conscious state. J Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008;79:225-227.

  32. Shah SA, Schiff ND. Central thalamic deep brain stimulation for cognitive neuromodulation – a review of proposed mechanism and investigational studies. European Journal of Neuroscience 2010;32:1135-1144.

  33. Shiel A, Burn JP, Henry D. The effects of increased rehabilitation therapy after brain injury: results of a prospective controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2001;15(5):501-514.

  34. Larriviere D, Bonnie R. Terminating artificial nutrition and hydration in persistent vegetative state patients. Current and proposed state laws. Neurology 2006;66:1624-1628.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com