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Órgano Oficial del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz

2012, Number 1

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Salud Mental 2012; 35 (1)

Aplicación del análisis estadístico de datos censurados para el manejo de respuestas incompletas en la escala CES-D

Bojorquez-Chapela LR, Trejo Valdivia B, Salgado de Snyder VN

Language: Spanish
References: 46
Page: 21-27
PDF size: 119.97 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Purpose To provide an example of censored data analysis in the management of CED-S missing data, using a data set of a study conducted with Mexican rural women.
Material and Methods Data used for this exercise were collected in a cross-sectional study with 416 women in the Mexican region known as the Mixteca Baja. Using a Survival Analysis (SA) focus we present a general description of the scores, along with the estimation of association patterns between those scores and the independent variables departing from Cox’s proportional risk model. A comparison is made of these results and those obtained through a regression analysis.
Results Using only the information from observations with complete data, the average CES-D score was 11.0 and the prevalence of symptoms above the cut-off point (16) was 23.2%. Twenty-six percent of the women did not respond to at least one item. When conducting the SA, the estimated mean score of the scale was 14.0. Survival above the cut-off point corresponded to an estimated prevalence of 21%.
Conclusions SA is useful in the management of data sets with missing data in scales such as the CES-D. In this example, the increased percentage of observations with missing data produced a loss of precision in the estimators. The differences in mean item scores between observation with complete and incomplete data suggested a non-random, noresponse pattern, if this is not taken into consideration it could bias the estimation in the scale mean and its association with other variables. Conducting SA we were able to use the information of most women participating in the study, including those who did not respond to all items in the scale.


REFERENCES

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  2. Belló M, Puentes-Rosas E, Medina-Mora ME, Lozano R. Prevalencia y diagnóstico de depresión en población adulta en México. Salud Pública Mex 2005;47(1):S4-S11.

  3. Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Mental health and development. Ginebra: Ediciones de la OMS; 2010.

  4. Kessler RC, Andrews G, Mroczek D, Ustun TB et al. The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form (CIDI-SF). Int J Method Psych 1998;7(4):171-185.

  5. Radloff LS. The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psych Meas 1977;1:385-401.

  6. Hamilton M. Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness. Br J Soc Clin Psychol 1967;6(4):278-296.

  7. Zung WWK. A self-rating depression scale. Arch Gen Psychiat 1965;12:63-70.

  8. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J et al. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiat 1961;4:561-571.

  9. Haringsma R, Engels GI, Beekman AT, Spinhoven P. The criterion validity of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD) in a sample of self-referred elders with depressive symptomatology. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2004;19(6):558-563.

  10. Caracciolo B, Giaquinto S. Criterion validity of the center for epidemiologic studies depression (CES-D) scale in a sample of rehabilitation inpatients. J Rehabil Med 2002; 34(5): 221-225.

  11. Salgado de Snyder VN, Maldonado M. Respuestas de enfrentamiento e indicadores de salud mental en esposas de emigrantes a los Estados Unidos. Salud Mental 1992;15(4):28-35.

  12. Dunn G. Statistics in psychiatry. Londres: Arnold; 2000.

  13. Schlomer GL, Bauman S, Card NA. Best practices for missing data management in counseling psychology. J Couns Psychol 2010;57(1):1-10.

  14. Fayers PM, Curran D, Machin D. Incomplete quality of life data in randomized trials: missing items. Stat Med 1998;17(5-7):679-696.

  15. Peyre H, Lepelège A, Coste J. Missing data methods for dealing with missing items in quality of life questionnaires. A comparison by simulation of personal mean score, full information maximum likelihood, multiple imputation, and hot deck techniques applied to the SF-36 in the French 2003 decennial health survey. Qual Life Res 2011;20(2):287-300.

  16. Klein JP, Moeschberger ML. Survival analysis: Techniques for censored and truncated data. Nueva York: Springer; 2003.

  17. Kleinbaum DG, Klein, M. Survival analysis: A self-learning text. Nueva York: Springer; 1996.

  18. Bojorquez I, Salgado N, Casique I. International migration of partner, autonomy and depressive symptoms among women from a Mexican rural area. Int J Soc Psychiatr 2009;55(4):306-321.

  19. Weissman MM, Sholonskas D, Pottenger M, Prusoff BA et al. Assessing depressive symptoms in five psychiatric populations: A validation study. Am J Epidemiol 1997;106:203-214.

  20. Bowling A. Measuring disease: A review of disease-specific quality of life measurement scales. Buckingham: Open University Press; 1995.

  21. Bojorquez I, Salgado de Snyder N. Características psicométricas de la Escala Center for Epidemiological Studies-depression (CES-D), versiones de 20 y 10 reactivos, en mujeres de una zona rural mexicana. Salud Mental 2009;32:299-307.

  22. Collett D. Modelling survival data in medical research. 2da Ed. Boca Ratón: Chapman & Hall/CRC; 2003.

  23. Gale T, Hawley C. A model for handling missing items on two depression rating scales. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2001;16(4):205-214.

  24. Murray CJL, Lopez AD (eds). The global burden of disease: A comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from disease, injuries and risk factors in 1990 and projected in 2020. 1st Ed. Boston: Harvard School of Public Health; 1996.

  25. Belló M, Puentes-Rosas E, Medina-Mora ME, Lozano R. Prevalencia y diagnóstico de depresión en población adulta en México. Salud Pública Mex 2005;47(1):S4-S11.

  26. Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Mental health and development. Ginebra: Ediciones de la OMS; 2010.

  27. Kessler RC, Andrews G, Mroczek D, Ustun TB et al. The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form (CIDI-SF). Int J Method Psych 1998;7(4):171-185.

  28. Radloff LS. The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psych Meas 1977;1:385-401.

  29. Hamilton M. Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness. Br J Soc Clin Psychol 1967;6(4):278-296.

  30. Zung WWK. A self-rating depression scale. Arch Gen Psychiat 1965;12:63-70.

  31. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J et al. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiat 1961;4:561-571.

  32. Haringsma R, Engels GI, Beekman AT, Spinhoven P. The criterion validity of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD) in a sample of self-referred elders with depressive symptomatology. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2004;19(6):558-563.

  33. Caracciolo B, Giaquinto S. Criterion validity of the center for epidemiologic studies depression (CES-D) scale in a sample of rehabilitation inpatients. J Rehabil Med 2002; 34(5): 221-225.

  34. Salgado de Snyder VN, Maldonado M. Respuestas de enfrentamiento e indicadores de salud mental en esposas de emigrantes a los Estados Unidos. Salud Mental 1992;15(4):28-35.

  35. Dunn G. Statistics in psychiatry. Londres: Arnold; 2000.

  36. Schlomer GL, Bauman S, Card NA. Best practices for missing data management in counseling psychology. J Couns Psychol 2010;57(1):1-10.

  37. Fayers PM, Curran D, Machin D. Incomplete quality of life data in randomized trials: missing items. Stat Med 1998;17(5-7):679-696.

  38. Peyre H, Lepelège A, Coste J. Missing data methods for dealing with missing items in quality of life questionnaires. A comparison by simulation of personal mean score, full information maximum likelihood, multiple imputation, and hot deck techniques applied to the SF-36 in the French 2003 decennial health survey. Qual Life Res 2011;20(2):287-300.

  39. Klein JP, Moeschberger ML. Survival analysis: Techniques for censored and truncated data. Nueva York: Springer; 2003.

  40. Kleinbaum DG, Klein, M. Survival analysis: A self-learning text. Nueva York: Springer; 1996.

  41. Bojorquez I, Salgado N, Casique I. International migration of partner, autonomy and depressive symptoms among women from a Mexican rural area. Int J Soc Psychiatr 2009;55(4):306-321.

  42. Weissman MM, Sholonskas D, Pottenger M, Prusoff BA et al. Assessing depressive symptoms in five psychiatric populations: A validation study. Am J Epidemiol 1997;106:203-214.

  43. Bowling A. Measuring disease: A review of disease-specific quality of life measurement scales. Buckingham: Open University Press; 1995.

  44. Bojorquez I, Salgado de Snyder N. Características psicométricas de la Escala Center for Epidemiological Studies-depression (CES-D), versiones de 20 y 10 reactivos, en mujeres de una zona rural mexicana. Salud Mental 2009;32:299-307.

  45. Collett D. Modelling survival data in medical research. 2da Ed. Boca Ratón: Chapman & Hall/CRC; 2003.

  46. Gale T, Hawley C. A model for handling missing items on two depression rating scales. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2001;16(4):205-214.




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