Soto MT, Lagos SE

Language: Spanish
References: 30
Page: 27-32
PDF size: 293.31 Kb.

ABSTRACT

The Internacional agency for cancer research has determined that based in the epidemiologic results, overweight or obese people are in greater risk of developing several types of cancer, including esophageal adenocarcinoma, colon cancer, breast cancer (in postmenopausal women), endometrial cancer and clear cell renal cancer. Epidemiologic evidence indicates that liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are obesity related. Furthermore, these studies have also established that obesity may also increase the risk of developing hematopoietic malingnacies and aggressive prostate cancer. Obesity has not been associated with the risk of developing lung cancer. The results for other malignancies have led to inconsistencies.

REFERENCES

1. Amling CL, Riffenburgh RH, Sun L et al. Pathologic variables and recurrence rates as related to obesity and race in men with prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22(3):439-445.

2. Calle EE, Kaaks R. Overweight, obesity and cancer: epidemiological evidence and proposed mechanisms. Nat Rev Cancer 2004; 4(8):579-591.

3. Calle EE, Rodriguez C, Walker-Thurmond K, Thun MJ. Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults. N Engl J Med 2003; 348(17):1625-1638.

4. Chow WH, Blot WJ, Vaughan TL et al. Body mass index and risk of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90(2):150-155.

5. Dickson RB, Stancel GM. Estrogen receptor-mediated processes in normal and cancer cells. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2000;(27):135-145.

6. Feigelson HS, Jonas CR, Teras LR, Thun MJ, Calle EE. Weight gain, body mass index, hormone replacement therapy, and postmenopausal breast cancer in a large prospective study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2004; 13(2):220-224.

7. Folsom AR, Kaye SA, Prineas RJ, Potter JD, Gapstur SM, Wallace RB. Increased incidence of carcinoma of the breast associated with abdominal adiposity in postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 1990; 131(5):794-803.

8. Giovannucci E. Insulin and colon cancer. Cancer Causes Control 1995; 6(2):164-179.

9. Giovannucci E, Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. Physical activity, obesity, and risk for colon cancer and adenoma in men. Ann Intern Med 1995; 122(5):327-334.

10. Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC. Height, body weight, and risk of prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1997; 6(8):557-563.

11. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Merz CN et al. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Circulation 2004; 110(2):227-239.

12. Kaaks R, Lukanova A. Energy balance and cancer: the role of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I. Proc Nutr Soc 2001; 60(1):91-106.

13. Kaaks R, Lukanova A, Kurzer MS. Obesity, endogenous hormones, and endometrial cancer risk: a synthetic review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2002; 11(12):1531-1543.

14. Keown-Eyssen G. Epidemiology of colorectal cancer revisited: are serum triglycerides and/or plasma glucose associated with risk? Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1994; 3(8):687-695.

15. Key TJ, Allen NE, Verkasalo PK, Banks E. Energy balance and cancer: the role of sex hormones. Proc Nutr Soc 2001; 60(1):81-89.

16. Key TJ, Appleby PN, Reeves GK et al. Body mass index, serum sex hormones, and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003; 95(16):1218-1226.

17. Key TJ, Pike MC. The dose-effect relationship between ‘unopposed’ oestrogens and endometrial mitotic rate: its central role in explaining and predicting endometrial cancer risk. Br J Cancer 1988; 57(2):205-212.

18. Khandwala HM, McCutcheon IE, Flyvbjerg A, Friend KE. The effects of insulin-like growth factors on tumorigenesis and neoplastic growth. Endocr Rev 2000; 21(3):215-244.

19. Lagergren J, Bergstrom R, Adami HO, Nyren O. Association between medications that relax the lower esophageal sphincter and risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Ann Intern Med 2000; 133(3):165-175.

20. Lawlor MA, Alessi DR. PKB/Akt: a key mediator of cell proliferation, survival and insulin responses? J Cell Sci 2001; 114(Pt 16):2903-2910.

21. Lew EA, Garfinkel L. Variations in mortality by weight among 750,000 men and women. J Chronic Dis 1979; 32(8):563-576.

22. Lindblad P, Chow WH, Chan J et al. The role of diabetes mellitus in the aetiology of renal cell cancer. Diabetologia 1999; 42(1):107-112.

23. Petrelli JM, Calle EE, Rodriguez C, Thun MJ. Body mass index, height, and postmenopausal breast cancer mortality in a prospective cohort of US women. Cancer Causes Control 2002; 13(4):325-332.

24. Rajala MW, Scherer PE. Minireview: The adipocyte--at the crossroads of energy homeostasis, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Endocrinology 2003; 144(9):3765-3773.

25. Tchernof A, Despres JP. Sex steroid hormones, sex hormone-binding globulin, and obesity in men and women. Horm Metab Res 2000; 32(11-12):526-536.

26. Vainio H, Kaaks R, Bianchini F. Weight control and physical activity in cancer prevention: international evaluation of the evidence. Eur J Cancer Prev 2002; 11 Suppl 2:S94-100.

27. Wajchenberg BL. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: their relation to the metabolic syndrome. Endocr Rev 2000; 21(6):697-738.

28. Wardle J, Jarvis M, et.al. Socioeconomic disparities in cancer-risk behaviours in adolescence baseline results from the health and behviour in teenager study (HABITS). Prev Med 2003; 36:721-730.

29. Wee CC, McCarthy EP, Davis RB, Phillips RS. Screening for cervical and breast cancer: is obesity an unrecognized barrier to preventive care? Ann Intern Med 2000; 132(9):697-704.

30. Weiderpass E, Partanen T, Kaaks R et al. Occurrence, trends and environment etiology of pancreatic cancer. Scand J Work Environ Health 1998; 24(3):165-174.