Velázquez GJ, Vargas VM

Language: Spanish
References: 0
Page: 38-46
PDF size: 416.30 Kb.

ABSTRACT

The short bowel syndrome (SBS) is defined as loss of a third or more of small bowel. The primary consequence of SBS is malabsorption, resulting in fluid and electrolyte abnormalities and malnutrition. The severity of the malabsorption is determined by the extent and location of the resection. The gut has two principal functions: absorption of fat, carbohydrates and protein to meet the metabolic needs of the body, and absorption of electrolytes, mainly sodium, to avoid dehydration and electrolyte depletion. SBS refers to an aggregation of clinical signs and symptoms primarily caused by intestinal resection and subsequent malabsorption characterized by intractable diarrhea, dehydration, malabsorption of macronutrients, vitamins and trace elements, weight loss and malnutrition. The term “intestinal adaptation” may be applied to the progressive recovery from intestinal insufficiency or failure that follows the loss of intestine. After surgical resection, the remaining bowel begins to increase absorptive function; the ability of luminal nutrients to activate growth factors and stimulate pancreatic and intestinal peptide secretion for the promotion of adaptive intestinal hyperplasia is dependent on the composition of the diet. Dietary management of patients with SBS should be customized according to the presence or absence of the colon. Patients with SBS may also benefit from the intake of small, frequent meals, limitation of simple sugars, and possible addition of soluble fiber supplementation.