medigraphic.com
Órgano Oficial del Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Hospital Escuela y Facultad de Medicina-Xalapa

2005, Number 2

<< Back Next >>

Rev Med UV 2005; 5 (2)

Conceptos basicos del embarazo prolongado: una revisión

Hernández PTG, Nachón GMG

Language: Spanish
References: 33
Page: 21-27
PDF size: 326.13 Kb.


ABSTRACT

The postterm pregnancy is which has extended to 42 weeks of gestation after last menstrual period or more than that. The reported frequency is approximately 7%. It is a clinical condition on account important fetal and maternal risk pregnancy. For this reason it is considerate a high risk pregnancy. The opportune diagnosis, based on acquaintance of last menstrual period, an appropriate prenatal control with an ultrasonography performed early bring the chance to knowing estimated date of delivery and determinate last day for expected birth. Although the clinical importance of postterm pregnancy and the tools in order to the diagnosis, there is usually careless from both the patient and the physician. The complications for the fetus including uteroplacental insufficiency, meconium aspiration and intrauterine infection, these contribute to the increased rate of perinatal death, whish is twice as much as that at term. Postterm pregnancy is associated with an increase in labor dystocia, an increase in severe perineal injury related to macrosomia and doubling in the rate of cesearean delivery. The tratment depends on exactness of the diagnosis. Whether the condition of the mother and baby are acceptable, we attempt labor induction. The standard management in obstetrics of the Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, in Mexico, has recomended that the resolution of the pregnancy do not might to continue after of 41 week, because of the evidence of high morbi-mortality maternal-fetal rate that the postterm pregnancy induces. The object of this review is emphasize the clinical importance of this condition of the pregnancy, including early diagnosis, as well as fitting obstetric management, in order to avoid fetal and maternal complications that could be appear.


REFERENCES

  1. Phillippe HJ., Jacquemard, F., Lenclen R., Paupe A., Olivier-Martin M. et Lewin, D., Grossesses prolongées.-Encycl. Méd. Chir. (Elsevier Paris-France), obstétrique 5077-C-10, 1991, 10p.

  2. García-Monroy L., Embarazo Prolongado en: Nuñez-Maciel E. et al. Tratado de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Volumen II Cap.50.México, Ed. Cuéllar, S.A de C.V; 2001. pp. 687-694.

  3. Álvarez-Ponce VA., Lugo-Sánchez AM., Álvarez-Sánchez AZ., Muñiz-Rizo ME. Comportamiento del embarazo prolongado en el servicio de cuidados perinatales. Rev Cubana Obstet Ginecol 2004; 30 (2).

  4. Feldman GB. Prospective risk of stillbirth. Obstet gynecol 1992;79:547-53. (Level II-3).

  5. Smith GC. Life-table analysis of the risk of perinatal death at term and post term in singleton pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 184:489-6 (Level III).

  6. Hilder L, Costeloe K, Thilaganathan B. Prolonged pregnancy: evaluating gestation-specific risks of fetal and infant mortality. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1998;105:169-73 (Level II-3).

  7. Hannah ME. Postterm pregnancy: should all women have labour induced? A review of the literature. Fetal Maternal Med Review 1993; 5:3-17 (Level III).

  8. ACOG Practice Bulletin Clinical Management Guidelines for Obstetrician-Gynecologists Vol. 104 No.3 September 2004.

  9. Boyce A., Mayaux MJ. Schwartz. D. Classical and true gestational post-maturity. Am J. Obstest. 1976, 125. 911-914.

  10. Bennett KA, Crane JM, O`shea P, Lacelle J, Hutchens D, Copel JA. First trimester ultrasound screening is effective in reducing postterm labor induction rates: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;190(4)1077-81.

  11. Crowley P. Interventions for preventing or improving the outcome of delivery at or beyond term (Cochrance review). rds: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2004.Chicester, UK: John Wiley And Sons, Ltd. (Meta-analysis).

  12. Neilson J.P Ultrasound for fetal assessment in early pregnancy (Cocharance Review). In: The Cochrance library, Issue 2, 2004. Chicester, UK: John Wiley And Sons, Ltd. (Meta-analysis).

  13. Alfirevic Z, Walkinsshaw SA. Management of post-term pregnancy: to induce or not? Br. J. Hosp Med 1944; 52:218-21 (Level III).

  14. Mogren I, Stenlund H, Hogberg U. Recurrence of prolonged pregnancy. Int J Epidemiol 1999.

  15. Divon MY, Ferber A, Nisell H, Westgren M. Male gender predisposes to prolongation of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002; 187:1081-3.

  16. Olsen AW, Basso O, Olsen J. Risk of recurrence of prolonged pregnancy. BMJ 2003; 326:476.

  17. Vaisanen-Tommiska M, Nuutila M, Ylikorkala O. Cervical nitric oxide release in women postterm. Obstet Gynecol. 2004; 103 (4):657-62.

  18. Matute GMM. Inicio del trabajo de parto. En: Nuñez-Maciel E. et al. Tratado de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Volumen I Cap.10. México, Ed. Cuéllar, S.A de C.V; 2001. pp. 187-194.

  19. Dimitrov A, Tsankova M. Nikolov A, Krusteva K, Kalaidzhieva M. Shoulder dystocia-risk factors and fetal outcome 2004;43(4):3-9.

  20. Aut. JC, Goodman MT, Gilstrap LC, Gilstrap JQ. Post-term pregnancy Obstet. Gynecol. 1980, 56.467-470.

  21. Usher RH., Boyd ME., McLeand FH., Kramer MS. Assesment of fetal risk in postdate pregnancies. Am J Obstet. Gynecol. 1988.158, 259-264.

  22. Eneh AU., Fiebai PO., Anya SE, John CT. Perinatal outcome among elderly nullipare at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Niger J Med. 2004 13(1):44-7.

  23. Zhu JL, Hjollund NH, Olsen J; Shift work, duration of pregnancy, and bith weight: the National Birth Cohort in Denmark. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004; 191(1):285-91.

  24. Kitlinski M.L., Kallen K., Marsal K, Olofsson P. Gestational age-dependent reference values for pH in umbilical cord arterial blood at term. Obstet Gynecol 2003; 102:338-45.

  25. Normas de Obstetricia del Instituto Nacional de Perinatología. México 2002.pp.81-82.

  26. Spellacy W.N., Miller S., Winigar A., Peterson P.Q. Macrosomia-maternal Characteristics and infant complications. Obstet Gynecol 1985; 66:158-61.

  27. Rosen M. G., Dickinson J.C. Management of post term pregnancy. N Engl J Med 1992; 326:1628-9.

  28. Vorherr H. Placental insufficiency of post-term pregnancy and fetal postmaturity. Evaluation of fetoplacental; management of the posttermen gravida. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1975; 123:67-103.

  29. Mannino F. Neonatal complications of postterm gestation. J Reprod Med 1988; 33:71-6.

  30. Cotzias C.S., Paterson-Brown S, Fisk N.M., Prospective risckof unexplainted stillbith in singleton pregnancies at term: population based analysis. BMJ 1999; 319:287-8.

  31. Rand L, Robinson J. N., Economy K.E., Norwitz E.R., Postterm induction of labor revisited. Obtet Gynecol 2000; 96:779-83.

  32. Alexander J.M., Mcintaire D.D., Leveno K.J. Forthy week and beyond: pregnancy outcome by week of gestation Obstet Gynecol 2000; 96:291-4.

  33. Treger M, Hallak M, Silberstein T, Friger M, Kats M. Mazor M. Post-term pregnancy: should induction of labor be considered before 42 week? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2002 11:50-3.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com