medigraphic.com
Órgano Oficial del Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Hospital Escuela y Facultad de Medicina-Xalapa

2008, Number S2

<< Back Next >>

Rev Med UV 2008; 8 (S2)

Humoral Regulation of Sleep; Implications for Sleep as an Emergent Use-Dependent Local Process

Krueger JM

Language: English
References: 37
Page: 46-52
PDF size: 465.27 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Sleep is regulated in part by substances that are produced in response to wakefulness cellular activity. These substances in turn induce state changes in neural networks. Several of these sleep regulatory substances are well-characterized and include tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1, adenosine, prostaglandin D2, and growth hormone releasing hormone. This review is focused on TNF -sleep mechanisms. ATP co-released during neurotransmission induces the release of TNF from glia via purine P2 receptors. TNF acts directly on neurons to alter membrane potentials and gene expression of adenosine and glutamate receptors. Changes in the number of these receptors on neurons alter the sensitivities of the neurons. Thus the input-output relationships of the networks within which the neurons are located are changed. We posit that these events lead to state oscillations and these changes are thus use-dependent and local. The concept that cortical assemblies such as cortical columns oscillate between states has broad implications for sleep regulation, pathologies and function.


REFERENCES

  1. Krueger JM, Rector DM, Churchill L. Sleep and cytokines. Sleep Med Clinics. 2007;2: 161-169.

  2. Obál F Jr, Krueger JM. Biochemical regulation of sleep. Frontiers Biosci 2003; 8: 520-550.

  3. Borbély AA, Tobler I. Endogenous sleep-promoting substances and sleep regulation. Physiol Rev 1989; 69: 605-670.

  4. Inoué S. Biology of sleep substances. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, Inc., 1989.

  5. Jouvet M. Neuromediateurs et facteurs hypnogenes. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1984; 140: 389-400.

  6. Krueger JM, Obál F Jr. Sleep Factors. In: Saunders NA, Sullivan CE, editors. Sleep and Breathing. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1994; 79-112.

  7. Krueger JM. What exactly is it that sleeps? The evolution, regulation and organization of an emergent network property. In: The Evolution of Sleep: Phylogenetic and functional perspectives. Cambridge University Press, P McNamara, R Barton and C Nunn eds. (in press).

  8. Fang J, Wang Y Krueger JM. (1997) Mice lacking the TNF 55 kD receptor fail to sleep more after TNF alpha treatment. J Neurosci 1997; 17: 5949- 5955.

  9. Kubota T, Li N, Guan Z, Brown R, Krueger JM. Intrapreoptic microinjection of TNF-alpha enhances non-REMS in rats. Brain Res 2002; 932: 37-44.

  10. Yoshida H, Peterfi Z, Garcia-Garcia F, Kirkpatrick R, Yasuda T, Krueger JM. State-specific asymmetries EEG in slow wave sleep induced by local application of TNFα. Brain Res 2004; 1009: 129-136.

  11. Taishi P, Churchill L, Wang M, Kay D, Davis CJ, Guan X, De A, Yasuda T, Liao F, Krueger JM. TNFα siRNA reduces brain TNF and EEG delta wave activity in rats. Brain Res 2007; 1156:125- 132.

  12. Alt J, Bohnet S, Taishi P, Duricka D, Obál F Jr, Traynor T, Majde JA, Krueger JM. Influenza virusinduced glucocorticoid and hypothalamic cytokine mRNA responses in dwarf Lit/Lit mice. Brain Behav Immun 2005; 21: 60-67.

  13. Mullington J, Korth C, Hermann DM, Orth A, Galanos C, Holsboer F, Pollmacher T. Dosedependent effects of endotoxin on human sleep. Am J Physiol 2000; 278: R947-R955.

  14. Burnstock G. Physiology and pathophysiology of purinergic neurotransmission. Physiol Rev 2007; 87: 659-797.

  15. Hide I, Tanaka M, Inoue A, Nakajima K, Kohsaka S, Inoue K, Nakata Y. Extracellular ATP triggers tumor necrosis factor-alpha release from rat microglia. J Neurochem 2000; 75(3): 965-972.

  16. Suzuki T, Hide I, Ido K, Kohsaka S, Inoue K, Nakata Y. Production and release of neuroprotective tumor necrosis factor by P2X7 receptor-activated microglia. J Neurosci 2004; 24(1): 1-7.

  17. Verderio C, Bianco F, Blanchard MP, Bergami M, Canossa M, Scarfone E, Matteoli M. Cross talk between vestibular neurons and Schwann cells mediates BDNF release and neuronal regeneration. Brain Cell Biol 2006; 35: 187-201.

  18. De A, Krueger JM, Simasko SM. Tumor necrosis factor alpha increases cytosolic calcium response AMPA and KCl in primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons. Brain Res 2003; 981: 133- 142

  19. Chen, Z, Gardi J, Kushikata T, Fang J, Krueger JM. Nuclear factor kappa B-like activity increases in murine cerebral cortex after sleep deprivation. Am J Physiol 1999; 276: R1812-R1818.

  20. Kubota T, Kushikata T, Fang J, Krueger JM. Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) inhibitor peptide inhibits spontaneous and interleukin-1β-induced sleep. Am J Physiol 2000; 279: R404-R413.

  21. Stellwagen D, Malenka RC. Synaptic scaling mediated by glial TNF-alpha. Nature 2006; 440: 1054-1059.

  22. Krueger JM, Obal Jr F. A neuronal group theory of sleep function. J Sleep Res 1993; 2: 63-69.

  23. Kavanau JL. Sleep and dynamic stabilization of neural circuitry: A review and synthesis. Behav Brain Res 1994; 63: 111-126.

  24. Fix C, Churchill L, Hall S Krueger JM.) The number of tumor necrosis factor α-immunoreactive cells increases in layer IV of the barrel field in response to whisker deflection in rats. Sleep 2006; 29: A11.

  25. Tononi G, Cirelli C. Sleep function and synaptic homeostasis. Sleep Med Rev 2006; 10: 49-62.

  26. Krueger JM, Obal Jr F. Sleep function. Frontiers in Biosci 2003; 8: 511-519

  27. Kristiansen K, Courtois G. Rhythmic activity from isolated cerebral cortex EEG. Clin Neurophysiol 1949; 1: 265-272.

  28. Yasuda K, Churchill L, Yasuda T, Blindheim K; Falter M, Krueger JM.) Unilateral cortical application of interleukin-1β (IL1β) induces asymmetry in Fos- and IL1β-immunoreactivity: Implication for sleep regulation. Brain Res 2007; 1131: 44-59.

  29. Szentirmai É, Yasuda T, Taishi P, Wang W, Churchill L, Bohnet S, Mcgrath P, Kacsóh B, Jimenez L, Krueger JM. Growth hormone releasing hormone: Cerebral cortical sleep-related EEG actions and expression. Am J Physiol 2007; 293: R922-R930.

  30. Mukhametov LM. Sleep in marine mammals. Expt Brain Res 1984; 8: 227-238.

  31. Mahowald MW, Schenck CH. Insights from studying human sleep disorders. Nature 2005; 437: 1279-1285.

  32. Marks GA, Shaffery JP, Oksenberg A, Speciale SG, Roffwarg HP. A functional role for REM sleep in brain maturation. Behav Brain Res 1995; 69: 1- 11.

  33. Miyamoto H, Katagiri H, Hensch T. Experiencedependent slow-wave sleep development. Nat Neurosci 2003; 6: 553-554.

  34. Maquet P. The role of sleep in learning and memory. Science 2001; 294: 1048-1052.

  35. Rector DM, Topchiy IA, Carter KM, Rojas MJ. Local functional state differences between rat cortical columns. Brain Res 2005; 1047: 45-55

  36. Churchill L, Rector D, Yasuda K, Rojas MJ, Schactler S, Fix C, Hall S, Yasuda T, Krueger JM. Tumor necrosis factor α increases surface evoked potentials in the barrel field by whisker deflection during sleep in rats. Sleep 2006; 29: A12-A13.

  37. Walker AJ, Topchiy I, Kouptsov K, Rector DM. (2005) ERP differences during conditioned lick response in the rat. Sleep 2005; 28: A15.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com