medigraphic.com
ISSN 1405-1699 (Print)
Órgano Oficial del Colegio Mexicano de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología Pediátrica y de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Pediatría

2010, Number 2

<< Back Next >>

Alerg Asma Inmunol Pediatr 2010; 19 (2)

Guillain-Barré syndrome

Mendoza-Hernández D, Blancas GL, Gutiérrez HJA

Language: Spanish
References: 54
Page: 56-63
PDF size: 246.75 Kb.


ABSTRACT

The Guillain-Barré syndrome it´s the main cause of acute fl accid paralysis the worldwide incidence presents 0.6 to 2.4 cases per 100,000 population, with a 1.5:1 man/woman relation. It is an infl ammatory process in periphery nerves that affects the myelin. The main hypothesis considers autoantibodies against periphery nervous system antigens after a bacterial or viral infection, as a consequence of molecular mimicry and cross-reactivity between bacterial antigens and neural epytopes, stimulation of T cells and autoantibodies production. Treatment with intravenous gammaglobulin or plasma exchange has been prove similar effi cacy, never the less intravenous gammaglobulin its prefer in children patients because of their safety. Only a 40% of patients get rehabilitation even in the acute phase and 20% present signifi cant disability. Mortality is estimated to be as high as 15%. This review presents the autoimmune mechanisms, clinical picture, patterns of neuronal affection as well treatment options.


REFERENCES

  1. Agrawal S, Peake D, Whitehouse WP. Management of children with Guillain-Barre syndrome. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2007; 92(6): 161-8.

  2. Jones HR Jr. Guillain-Barre syndrome: perspectives with infants and children. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2000; 7(2): 91-102.

  3. Beghi E et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome. Clinicoepidemiologic features and effect of infl uenza vaccine. Arch Neurol 1985; 42(11): 1053-7.

  4. Rantala H, Uhari M, Niemela M. Occurrence, clinical manifestations, and prognosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome. Arch Dis Child 1991; 66(6): 706-8; discussion 708-9.

  5. Olive JM et al. Epidemiologic study of Guillain-Barre syndrome in children < 15 years of age in Latin America. J Infect Dis 1997; 175 Suppl 1: S160-4.

  6. Yuki N et al. Carbohydrate mimicry between human ganglioside GM1 and Campylobacter jejuni lipooligosaccharide causes Guillain-Barre syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101(31): 11404-9.

  7. Hughes RA, Cornblath DR. Guillain-Barre syndrome. Lancet2005; 366(9497): 1653-66.

  8. Schessl J et al. Infections and vaccinations preceding childhood Guillain-Barre syndrome: a prospective study. Eur J Pediatr 2006; 165(9): 605-12.

  9. Kuroki S et al. Campylobacter jejuni strains from patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome belong mostly to Penner serogroup 19 and contain beta-N-acetylglucosamine residues. Ann Neurol 1993; 33(3): 243-7.

  10. Rees JH et al. Campylobacter jejuni infection and Guillain- Barre syndrome. N Engl J Med 1995; 333(21): 1374-9.

  11. McCarthy N, Giesecke J. Incidence of Guillain-Barre syndrome following infection with Campylobacter jejuni. Am J Epidemiol 2001; 153(6): 610-4.

  12. Sheikh KA et al. Molecular mimicry in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998; 845: 307-21.

  13. Chiba A et al. Serum anti-GQ1b IgG antibody is associated with ophthalmoplegia in Miller Fisher syndrome and Guillain- Barre syndrome: clinical and immunohistochemical studies. Neurology 1993; 43(10): 1911-7.

  14. von Wulffen H, Hartard C, Scharein E. Seroreactivity to Campylobacter jejuni and gangliosides in patients with Guillain- Barre syndrome. J Infect Dis 1994; 170(4): 828-33.

  15. Hao Q et al. Anti-GalNAc-GD1a antibody-associated Guillain- Barre syndrome with a predominantly distal weakness without cranial nerve impairment and sensory disturbance. Ann Neurol 1999; 45(6): 758-68.

  16. Chiba A et al. Ganglioside composition of the human cranial nerves, with special reference to pathophysiology of Miller Fisher syndrome. Brain Res 1997; 745(1-2): 32-6.

  17. Ropper AH. The Guillain-Barre syndrome. N Engl J Med 1992; 326(17): 1130-6.

  18. Asbury AK, Cornblath DR. Assessment of current diagnostic criteria for Guillain-Barre syndrome. Ann Neurol 1990; 27 Suppl: S21-4.

  19. Evans OB, Vedanarayanan V. Guillain-Barre syndrome. Pediatr Rev 1997; 18(1): 10-6.

  20. Jones HR. Childhood Guillain-Barre syndrome: clinical presentation, diagnosis, and therapy. J Child Neurol 1996; 11(1): 4-12.

  21. Korinthenberg R, Schessl J, Kirschner J. Clinical presentation and course of childhood Guillain-Barre syndrome: a prospective multicentre study. Neuropediatrics 2007; 38(1): 10-7.

  22. Nguyen DK, Agenarioti-Belanger S, Vanasse M. Pain and the Guillain-Barre syndrome in children under 6 years old. J Pediatr 1999; 134(6): 773-6.

  23. Epstein MA, Sladky JT. The role of plasmapheresis in childhood Guillain-Barre syndrome. Ann Neurol 1990; 28(1): 65-9.

  24. Kleyweg RP et al. The natural history of the Guillain-Barre syndrome in 18 children and 50 adults. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989; 52(7): 853-6.

  25. Cole GF, Matthew DJ. Prognosis in severe Guillain-Barre syndrome. Arch Dis Child 1987; 62(3): 288-91.

  26. Briscoe DM, McMenamin JB, O’Donohoe NV. Prognosis in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Arch Dis Child 1987; 62(7): 733-5.

  27. Visser LH et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome without sensory loss (acute motor neuropathy). A subgroup with specifi c clinical, electrodiagnostic and laboratory features. Dutch Guillain-Barre Study Group. Brain 1995; 118(Pt 4): 841-7.

  28. Nachamkin I et al. Patterns of Guillain-Barre syndrome in children: results from a Mexican population. Neurology 2007; 69(17): 1665-71.

  29. Ho TW et al. Motor nerve terminal degeneration provides a potential mechanism for rapid recovery in acute motor axonal neuropathy after Campylobacter infection. Neurology 1997; 48(3): 717-24.

  30. Feasby TE et al. Severe axonal degeneration in acute Guillain- Barre syndrome: evidence of two different mechanisms? J Neurol Sci 1993; 116(2): 185-92.

  31. Marks HG, Augustyn P, Allen RJ. Fisher’s syndrome in children. Pediatrics 1977; 60(5): 726-9.

  32. Visser LH et al. Cytomegalovirus infection and Guillain-Barre syndrome: the clinical, electrophysiologic, and prognostic features. Dutch Guillain-Barre Study Group. Neurology 1996; 47(3): 668-73.

  33. Polo JM et al. [Atypical Guillain-Barre syndrome: multiple cranial neuropathy]. Rev Neurol 2002; 34(9): 835-7.

  34. Ropper AH, Wijdicks EF, Shahani BT. Electrodiagnostic abnormalities in 113 consecutive patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome. Arch Neurol 1990; 47(8): 881-7.

  35. McKhann GM et al. Clinical and electrophysiological aspects of acute paralytic disease of children and young adults in northern China. Lancet 1991; 338(8767): 593-7.

  36. Bernsen RA et al. Residual physical outcome and daily living 3 to 6 years after Guillain-Barre syndrome. Neurology 1999; 53(2): 409-10.

  37. Fletcher DD et al. Long-term outcome in patients with Guillain- Barre syndrome requiring mechanical ventilation. Neurology 2000; 54(12): 2311-5.

  38. Meythaler JM. Rehabilitation of Guillain-Barre syndrome. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997; 78(8): 872-9.

  39. Hughes RA et al. Supportive care for patients with Guillain- Barre syndrome. Arch Neurol 2005; 62(8): 1194-8.

  40. Lawn ND et al. Anticipating mechanical ventilation in Guillain- Barre syndrome. Arch Neurol 2001; 58(6): 893-8.

  41. Hund EF et al. Intensive management and treatment of severe Guillain-Barre syndrome. Crit Care Med 1993; 21(3): 433-46.

  42. Kanra G et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in children with Guillain-Barre syndrome. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 1997; 1(1): 7-12.

  43. Yata J et al. High-dose immunoglobulin therapy for Guillain- Barre syndrome in Japanese children. Pediatr Int 2003; 45(5): 543-9.

  44. Reisin RC et al. Severe Guillain-Barre syndrome in childhood treated with human immune globulin. Pediatr Neurol 1996; 14(4): 308-12.

  45. Teeling JL et al. Therapeutic effi cacy of intravenous immunoglobulin preparations depends on the immunoglobulin G dimers: studies in experimental immune thrombocytopenia. Blood 2001; 98(4): 1095-9.

  46. Kessel A et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy affects T regulatory cells by increasing their suppressive function. J Immunol 2007; 179(8): 5571-5.

  47. Kuitwaard K et al. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous immunoglobulin and outcome in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Ann Neurol 2009; 66(5): 597-603.

  48. Korinthenberg R et al. Intravenously administered immunoglobulin in the treatment of childhood Guillain-Barre syndrome: a randomized trial. Pediatrics 2005; 116(1): 8-14.

  49. Graf WD et al. Outcome in severe pediatric Guillain-Barre syndrome after immunotherapy or supportive care. Neurology 1999; 52(7): 1494-7.

  50. Singhi SC et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin in very severe childhood Guillain-Barre syndrome. Ann Trop Paediatr 1999; 19(2): 167-74.

  51. Irani DN et al. Relapse in Guillain-Barre syndrome after treatment with human immune globulin. Neurology 1993; 43(5): 872-5.

  52. Koul R et al. Ten-year prospective study (clinical spectrum) of childhood Guillain-Barre syndrome in the Arabian peninsula: comparison of outcome in patients in the pre- and post-intravenous immunoglobulin eras. J Child Neurol 2003; 18(11): 767-71.

  53. Nyland H et al. Plasma exchange in patients with Guillain- Barre syndrome: clinical improvement in patients with serum IgG antibodies to peripheral nerve tissue. Int J Artif Organs 1984; 7(3): 133-6.

  54. Raphael JC et al. Plasma exchange for Guillain-Barre syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002; (2): CD001798.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com