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Órgano Oficial del Colegio Mexicano de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología Pediátrica y de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Pediatría

2010, Número 2

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Alerg Asma Inmunol Pediatr 2010; 19 (2)


Síndrome de Guillain-Barré

Mendoza-Hernández D, Blancas GL, Gutiérrez HJA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 54
Paginas: 56-63
Archivo PDF: 246.75 Kb.


RESUMEN

El síndrome de Guillain-Barré es la principal causa de parálisis fl ácida aguda, con una incidencia mundial del 0.6 a 2.4 casos por 100,000 habitantes, con una relación de 1.5:1 hombre/mujer. Se considera un proceso infl amatorio de los nervios periféricos con afección principal de la mielina. La hipótesis principal respecto a su etiología considera la presencia de autoanticuerpos dirigidos contra antígenos del sistema nervioso periférico posterior a la presencia de un proceso infeccioso bacterianoo viral como consecuencia de un mimetismo molecular y reactividad cruzada entre los antígenos bacterianos y los epítopes neuronales con la estimulación de células T y la producción de anticuerpo. El tratamiento con gammaglobulina o plasmaférisis han demostrado una efi cacia similar, sin embargo se prefi ere la administración de gammaglobulina intravenosa en pacientes pediátricos por su seguridad. Sólo el 40% de los pacientes reciben rehabilitación incluyendo atención en la fase aguda y el 20% presentará discapacidad signifi cativa. Se estima una mortalidad cercana al 15%. La siguiente revisión presenta los mecanismos autoinmunes, el cuadro clínico y los diferentes patrones de afección neuronal así como los diferentes tratamientos.


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