Ortega BJM, Castillo VB, Prado CHM, Prado AA

Language: Spanish
References: 32
Page: 105-110
PDF size: 963.67 Kb.

ABSTRACT

This paper reports one of the 26 cases of lateral ectopic thyroid tissue reported in the literature, arising in the left submandibular area. Ectopic thyroid is uncommon, its prevalence is 1 per 100,000 approximately. This is defined as thyroid tissue located at sites other than the pretracheal region. When the process of embryological migration is disturbed, aberrant thyroid tissue may appear and located more frequently along its embryological descent path of migration at lingual (80-90%) or thyroglossal duct (5-15%) positions. In rare cases, failure of the lateral anlage to fuse with the median anlage can result in lateral aberrant thyroid tissue, generally submandibular, that accounts for only 1-3% of all ectopic thyroids. This ectopic tissue frequently represents the only source of thyroid tissue, but to be noted, in laterally located ectopic thyroid, there is another site of thyroid tissue in 53% of cases. The presentation of an ectopic thyroid as a lateral mass should be differentiated from metastatic thyroid cancer; other differentials include submandibular lesions and lymphadenopathy. Workup should include computed tomography, Tc99m or I-131 thyroid scan, thyroid function tests, and fine-needle aspiration. Although most of cases are diagnosed postoperatively, no treatment is required for a patient with an asymptomatic ectopic thyroid with normal thyroid function. Hypothyroid patients are initiated on thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Surgical treatment of ectopic thyroid is considered only when malignancy is suspected, if it is symptomatic or suppression therapy fails.

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