medigraphic.com
ISSN 0016-3813 (Print)

2010, Number 4

<< Back Next >>

Gac Med Mex 2010; 146 (4)

Ácidos grasos trans de la dieta y sus implicaciones metabólicas

Castro-Martínez MG, Bolado-García VE, Landa-Anell MV, Liceaga-Cravioto MG, Soto-González J, López-Alvarenga JC

Language: Spanish
References: 75
Page: 281-288
PDF size: 110.02 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Fats are important nutrients in our diet, they have wide chemical properties that drive diverse metabolic effects. The trans fatty acids (TFA) are common compounds found in industrialized food, and recent research has shown they should be avoided due to their increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Someof the mechanisms involved include: reduction of c-HDL concentration, increase of low density lipoprotein, Lp (a), triglycerides; disturbance in prostaglandin balance and they may also promote insulin resistance. Obese subjects are prone to increased CVD risk associated with a state of chronic inflammation that can be worsened by TFA intake. The US population consumes approximately 5.3g TFA per day (2.6% of their total energy intake and 7.4% of their fat energy). Recently, WHO recommendations suggest the intake of TFA should be lower than 1% of energy per day. Current fast food industry products have to decrease the amount of TFA content, and the experience from different countries shows that the elimination of trans fatty acids is a cost effective and feasible public health intervention.


REFERENCES

  1. Sistema Nacional de Información en Salud. Diez principales causas de mortalidad en hombres. Disponible en http://sinais.salud.gob.mx/descargas/xls/ diezprincausasmort2007_CNEGySR.xls. Revisado el 1 de febrero de 2010.

  2. Olaiz-Fernández G, Rivera-Dommarco J, Shamah-Levy T, Rojas R, Villalpando-Hernández S, Hernández-Ávila M, et al. Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2006. Cuernavaca, México: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; 2006.

  3. Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA, et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation 2009;120:1640-1645.

  4. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of the Third Report of the NationalCholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001;285:2486- 2497.

  5. Comuzzie AG, Williams JT, Martin LJ, Blangero J. Searching for genes underlying normal variation in human adiposity. J Mol Med 2001;79:57-70.

  6. Woodside JV, McKinley MC, Young IS. Saturated and trans fatty acids and coronary heart disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2008;10:460- 466.

  7. Mozaffarian D, Aro A, Willett WC. Health effects of trans-fatty acids: experimental and observational evidence. Eur J Clin Nutr 2009;63(Suppl 2): S5- S21.

  8. Voet D, Voet JG, Pratt CW. Fundamentals of Biochemistry. Upgrade edition. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 2002.

  9. ASCN/AIN Task Force on Trans Fatty Acids. Position paper on trans fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;63:663- 670.

  10. Valenzuela A. Ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga en la nutrición y la prevención de enfermedades. PUFA Infocus 1999;1:1- 7.

  11. Kinsella JE, Bruckner G, Mai J, Shimp J. Metabolism of trans fatty acids withemphasis on the effects of trans, trans-octadecadienoate on lipid composition, essential fatty acid, and prostaglandins: an overview. Am J Clin Nutr 1981;34: 2307-2318.

  12. Kris-Etherton PM, Emken EA, Allison DB, Deitschy JM, Nicolosi RJ, Denke MA. Trans fatty acids and coronary heart disease risk. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;62(Suppl):655S-707S.

  13. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Aceites saludables y la eliminación de ácidos grasos trans de origen industrial en las Américas: iniciativa para la prevención de enfermedades crónicas. Washington, DC: OPS; 2008.

  14. Fernández-San Juan PM. Trans fatty acids (tFA): sources and intake levels, biological effects and content in commercial Spanish food. Nutr Hosp 2009;24:515-520.

  15. Lock AL, Corl BA, Barbano DM, Bauman DE, Ip C. The anticarcinogenic effect of trans-11 18:1 is dependent on its conversion to cis-9, trans-11 CLA by delta9-desaturase in rats. J Nutr 2004;134:2698-2704.

  16. Kritchevsky D, Tepper SA, Wright S, Czarnecki SK, Wilson TA, Nicolosi RJ. Conjugated linoleic acid isomer effects in atherosclerosis: growth and regression of lesions. Lipids 2004;39:611- 616.

  17. Motard-Bélanger A, Charest A, Grenier G, Paquin P, Chouinard Y, Lemieux S, et al. Study of the effect of trans fatty acids from ruminants on blood lipids and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:593-599.

  18. Chardigny JM, Destaillats F, Malpuech-Brugère C, Moulin J, Bauman DE, Lock AL, et al. Do trans fatty acids from industrially produced sources and from natural sources have the same effect on cardiovascular disease risk factors in healthy subjects? Results of the trans Fatty Acids Collaboration (TRANSFACT) study. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:558-566.

  19. Jakobsen MU, Overvad K, Dyerberg J, Heitmann BL. Intake of ruminant trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease. Int J Epidemiol 2008;37:173-182.

  20. Teegala SM, Willett WC, Mozaffarian D. Consumption and health effects of trans fatty acids: a review. J AOAC Int 2009;92:1250-1257.

  21. Mozaffarian D, Katan MB, Ascherio A, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. Trans fatty acids and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1601-1613.

  22. Innis SM, Green TJ, Halsey TK. Variability in the trans fatty acid content of foods within a food category: Implications for estimation of dietary trans fatty acid intakes. J Am Coll Nutr 1999;18:255- 260.

  23. Willett WC. Trans fatty acids and cardiovascular disease-epidemiological data. Atheroscler Suppl 2006;7:5-8.

  24. Deneke P. About the formation of trans fatty acids during deodorization of rapeseed oil. Eur J Med Res 1995;1:109-114.

  25. Mozaffarian D, Abdollahi M, Campos H, Houshiarrad A, Willett WC. Consumption of trans fats and estimated effects on coronary heart disease in Iran. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007;61:1004-1010.

  26. Ebbesson SO, Tejero ME, Nobmann ED, López-Alvarenga JC, Ebbesson L, Romenesko T, et al. Fatty acid consumption and metabolic syndrome components: the GOCADAN study. J Cardiometab Syndr 2007;2:244-249.

  27. López-Alvarenga JC, Ebbesson SO, Ebbesson LO, Tejero ME, Voruganti VS, Comuzzie AG. Polyunsaturated fatty acids effect on serum triglycerides concentration in the presence of metabolic syndrome components. Alaska- Siberia Project. Metabolism 2010;59:86-92.

  28. Dashti N, Feng Q, Franklin FA. Long-term effects of cis and trans monounsaturated (18:1) and saturated (16:0) fatty acids on the synthesis and secretion of apolipoprotein A-I- and apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in HepG2 cells. J Lipid Res 2000;41:1980-1990.

  29. Subbaiah PV, Subramanian VS, Liu M. Trans unsaturated fatty acids inhibit lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase and alter its positional specificity. J Lipid Res 1998;39:1438-1447.

  30. Gatto LM, Sullivan DR, Samman S. Postprandial effects of dietary trans fatty acids on apolipoprotein(a) and cholesteryl ester transfer. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;77:1119-1124.

  31. Katan MB, Zock PL, Mensink RP. Trans fatty acids and their effects on lipoproteins in humans. Annu Rev Nutr 1995;15:473-493.

  32. Hokanson JE, Austin MA. Plasma triglyceride level is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease independent of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level: a meta-analysis of population-based prospective studies. J Cardiovasc Risk 1996;3:213-219.

  33. Ascherio A, Katan MB, Zock PL, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. Trans fatty acids and coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1994-1998.

  34. Abdel-Maksoud MF, Hokanson JE. The complex role of triglycerides in cardiovascular disease. Semin Vasc Med 2002;2:325-333.

  35. Hill EG, Johnson SB, Lawson LD, Mahfouz MM, Holman RT. Perturbation of the metabolism of essential fatty acids by dietary partially hydrogenated vegetable oil. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1982;79:953-957.

  36. Hu FB, Manson JE, Willett WC. Types of dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease: a critical review. J Am Coll Nutr 2001;20:5-19.

  37. Dorfman SE, Laurent D, Gounarides JS, Li X, Mullarkey TL, Rocheford EC, et al. Metabolic implications of dietary trans-fatty acids. Obesity 2009;17:1200-1207.

  38. Hu FB, Willett WC. Optimal diets for prevention of coronary heart disease. JAMA 2002;288:2569-2578.

  39. Zock PL, Katan MB. Butter, margarine and serum lipoproteins. Atherosclerosis 1997;131:7-16.

  40. Lichtenstein AH. Trans fatty acids, plasma lipid levels, and risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Circulation 1997;95:2588-2590.

  41. Mensink RP, Zock PL, Katan MB, Hornstra G. Effect of dietary cis and trans fatty acids on serum lipoprotein[a] levels in humans. J Lipid Res 1992;33:1493-1501.

  42. Kromhout D, Menotti A, Bloemberg B, Aravanis C, Blackburn H, Buzina R, et al. Dietary saturated and trans fatty acids and cholesterol and 25-year mortality from coronary heart disease: The Seven Countries Study. Prev Med 1995;24:308-315.

  43. Pietinen P, Ascherio A, Korhonen P, Hartman AM, Willett WC, Albanes D, et al. Intake of fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease in a cohort of Finnish Men. The alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene Cancer Prevention Study. Am J Epidemiol 1997;145:876-887.

  44. Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Rimm E, Colditz GA, Rosner BA, et al. Dietary fat intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1491-1499.

  45. Axen KV, Dikeakos A, Sclafani A. High dietary fat promotes syndrome X in nonobese rats. J Nutr 2003;133:2244- 2249.

  46. Lichtenstein AH, Erkkilä AT, Lamarche B, Schwab US, Jalbert SM, Ausman LM. Influence of hydrogenated fat and butter on CVD risk factors: remnant-like particles, glucose and insulin, blood pressure and C- reactive protein. Atherosclerosis 2003;171:97-107.

  47. Risérus U. Trans fatty acids and insulin resistance. Atheroscler Suppl 2006;7:37- 39.

  48. Christiansen E, Schnider S, Palmvig B, Tauber- Lassen E, Pedersen O. Intake of a diet high in trans monounsaturated fatty acids or saturated fatty acids. Effects on postprandial insulinemia and glycemia in obese patients with NIDDM. Diab Care 1997;20:881-887.

  49. Risérus U, Arner P, Brismar K, Vessby B. Treatment with dietary trans10cis12 conjugated linoleic acid causes isomer-specific insulin resistance in obese men with the metabolic syndrome. Diab Care 2002;25:1516-1521.

  50. Lovejoy JC, Smith SR, Champagne CM, Most MM, Lefevre M, DeLany JP, et al. Effects of diets enriched in saturated (palmitic), monounsaturated (oleic), or trans (elaidic) fatty acids on insulin sensitivity and substrate oxidation in healthy adults. Diab Care 2002;25:1283-1288.

  51. Louheranta AM, Turpeinen AK, Vidgren HM, Schwab US, Uusitupa MI. A high-trans fatty acid diet and insulin sensitivity in young healthy women. Metabolism 1999;48:870-875.

  52. Hu FB, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Colditz G, Liu S, Solomon CG, et al. Diet, lifestyle, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:790-797.

  53. López- García E, Schulze MB, Meigs JB, Manson JE, Rifai N, Stampfer MJ, et al. Consumption of trans fatty acids is related to plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. J Nutr 2005;135:562-566.

  54. Mozaffarian D, Pischon T, Hankinson SE, Rifai N, Joshipura K, Willett WC, et al. Dietary intake of trans fatty acids and systemic inflammation in women. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:606-612.

  55. Moens AL, Goovaerts I, Claeys MJ, Vrints CJ. Flow- mediated vasodilation: a diagnostic instrument, or an experimental tool? Chest 2005;127:2254-2263.

  56. de Roos NM, Bots ML, Katan MB. Replacement of dietary saturated fatty acids by trans fatty acids lowers serum HDL cholesterol and impairs endothelial function in healthy men and women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001;21:1233-1237.

  57. Kummerow FA, Zhou Q, Mahfouz MM. Effect of trans fatty acids on calcium influx into human arterial endothelial cells. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:832-838.

  58. Mozaffarian D. Trans fatty acids. Effects on systemic inflammation and endothelial function. Atheroscler Suppl 2006;7:29-32.

  59. Booker CS, Mann JI. Trans fatty acids and cardiovascular health: translation of the evidence base. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2008;18:448-456.

  60. Hunter JE, Applewhite TH. Isomeric fatty acids in the US diet: levels and health perspectives. Am J Clin Nutr 1986;44:707-717.

  61. Hunter JE, Applewhite TH. Reassessment of trans fatty acid availability in the US diet. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;54:363-369.

  62. Enig MG, Atal S, Keeney M, Sampugna J. Isomeric trans fatty acids in the U.S. diet. J Am Coll Nutr 1990;9:471-486.

  63. Allison DB, Egan SK, Barraj LM, Caughman C, Infante M, Heimbach JT. Estimated intakes of trans fatty and other fatty acids in the US population. J Am Diet Assoc 1999;99:166-174.

  64. World Health Organization. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases. Geneva: WHO Technical Report Series 916; 2003.

  65. Lock AL, Bauman DE. Modifying milk fat composition of dairy cows to enhance fatty acids beneficial to human health. Lipids 2004;39:1197-2006.

  66. Aro A, Kardinaal AF, Salminen I, Kark JD, Riemersma RA, Delgado- Rodriguez M, et al. Adipose tissue isomeric trans fatty acids and risk of myocardial infarction in nine countries: the EURAMIC study. Lancet 1995;345:273-278.

  67. Stone NJ, Van Horn L. Therapeutic lifestyle change and Adult Treatment Panel III: evidence then and now. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2002;4:433-443.

  68. Food and Drug Administration, HHS. Food labeling: trans fatty acids in nutrition labeling, nutrient content claims, and health claims. Final rule. Fed Regist 2003;68:41433-41506.

  69. Angell SY, Silver LD, Goldstein GP, Johnson CM, Deitcher DR, Frieden TR, et al. Cholesterol control beyond the clinic: New York City’s trans fat restriction. Ann Intern Med 2009;151:129-134.

  70. Astrup A. The trans fatty acid story in Denmark. Atheroscler Suppl 2006;7:43- 46.

  71. Leth T, Jensen HG, Mikkelsen AA, Bysted A. The effect of the regulation on trans fatty acid content in Danish food. Atheroscler Suppl 2006;7:53-56.

  72. Gerberding JL. Safer fats for healthier hearts: the case for eliminating dietary artificial trans fat intake. Ann Intern Med 2009;151:137-138.

  73. Senado de la República. LXI Legislatura. De la Comisión de Salud, el que contiene punto de acuerdo por el que se solicita brindar, a través de los libros de texto gratuitos a nivel primaria y secundaria, orientación alimentaria, atendiendo a la Norma oficial mexicana NOM-SSA2-2005. Gaceta del Senado 22 de noviembre de 2007, núm. 161. Disponible en http:// www.senado.gob.mx/gace.php?sesion=2007/11/22/1&documento=37. Revisado el 31 de Mayo de 2010.

  74. López-Alvarenga JC, Sánchez RMB, Macías MN, Bolado-García VE, González BJ. Reproducibilidad y sensibilidad de tres tipos de encuestas alimentarias. Enfoque para estudios clínico-controlados. Nutr Clin 2002;5:73-78.

  75. American Heart Association Nutrition Committee, Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Brands M, Carnethon M, Daniels S, et al. Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee. Circulation 2006;114(1):82-96. Erratum in: Circulation 2006; 114: e629. Circulation 2006;114(1):e27.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com