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2010, Número 4

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Gac Med Mex 2010; 146 (4)


Ácidos grasos trans de la dieta y sus implicaciones metabólicas

Castro-Martínez MG, Bolado-García VE, Landa-Anell MV, Liceaga-Cravioto MG, Soto-González J, López-Alvarenga JC

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 75
Paginas: 281-288
Archivo PDF: 110.02 Kb.


RESUMEN

Las grasas son un macronutrimento necesario en nuestra alimentación, tienen una amplia diversidad de estructuras químicas que les confieren diferentes propiedades metabólicas. Los ácidos grasos trans (AGT) se deben evitar, ya que además del valor calórico que contienen, su ingestión contribuye al aumento del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular a través de varios mecanismos: disminución de lipoproteínas de alta densidad, elevación de las lipoproteínas de baja densidad, de la lipoproteína (a) y de los triglicéridos; desequilibrio de las prostaglandinas y resistencia a la insulina. La disponibilidad y consumo de los AGT ha venido aumentando con el paso del tiempo. Los últimos estudios informan que en Estados Unidos diariamente se consumen en promedio 5.3 g de AGT (2.6 % del total de energía y 7.4 % del total de las grasas ingeridas). De acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud, su consumo debe ser menor a 1 % del total de kilocalorías diarias. Ser obeso, padecer resistencia a la insulina, no realizar ejercicio y consumir cantidades elevadas de AGT podría exacerbar la resistencia a la insulina, producir diabetes, desarrollar inflamación y aumentar los riesgos de enfermedad cardiovascular. Se recomienda disminuir la ingestión de AGT provenientes principalmente de productos industrializados. La experiencia en algunos países demuestra que la eliminación de los AGT de los alimentos es una medida económica y ayuda a proteger la salud.


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