Rahman M, Obaida-Nasrin S

Language: English
References: 19
Page: 134-140
PDF size: 129.01 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Objective. This article establishes the hypothesis that predisposing, enabling and household needs influence the complete vaccination status of children. Material and Methods. Data from the 2004 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (N= 3530) was used. The data was analyzed using descriptive and multiple logistic regression methods. Results. Approximately 60% of the children in rural Bangladesh were fully immunized. The full vaccination rate increased with an increase in the previous birth interval and the education level of the mother. Women with the highest wealth index were significantly more likely to fully immunize their children. Distance from health facility, parity, mother’s age, mass media, children’s sex and tetanus toxoid injection were also significantly positively associated with full vaccination. Conclusions. Findings reflect that, irrespective of need, only children from higher economic or educational groups can afford to be fully vaccinated in rural Bangladesh. In other words, predisposing, enabling and need factors appear to have a strong association with full immunization coverage.

REFERENCES

1. Chowdhury AMR, Aziz KMA, Bhuiya A. The ‘near miracle’ revisited: social science perspectives of the immunization program in Bangladesh. Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis, 1999:138.

2. Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). National Coverage Evaluation Survey Report. Dhaka: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 2000.

3. Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). National Coverage Evaluation Survey Report. Dhaka: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 2006.

4. National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT). Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 1999-2000. Dhaka: Mitra and Associates, ORC Macro, 2001.

5. Jamil K, Bhuiya A, Streatfield K, Chakrabarty N. The immunization program in Bangladesh: impressive gains in coverage, but gaps remain. Health Policy and Planning 2005;14(1):49-58.

6. Uddin J, Ashraf A, Sirajuddin AKM, Alam M, Tunon C. Incorporation of community’s voice into Health and Population Sector Program of Bangladesh for its transparency and accountability. Dhaka: ICDDR, B, 2001:Working Paper No 148.

7. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). Report of the household income and expenditure survey 2000. Bangladesh: Statistics Division, Ministry of Planning, Government Republic of Bangladesh, 2003.

8. Dutton D. Financial, organizational and professional factors affecting health care utilization. Social Sciences and Medicine 1986;23(7):721-735.

9. Andersen R, Newman JF. Societal and individual determinants of medical care utilization in the United States. Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 1973; 81:95-123.

10. Phukan RK, Barman MP, Mahanta J. Factors associated with immunization coverage of children in Assam, India: over the first year of life. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 2008;1.

11. Ibnouf AH,Van den Borne HW, Maarse JAM. Factors influencing immunization coverage among children under five years of age in Khartoum State, Sudan. South African Journal of Family Practice 2007;49(8).

12. Fosu GB. Childhood morbidity and health services utilization: crossnational comparisons of user-related factors from DHS data. Social Science and Medicine 1994;38:1209-1220.

13. 13 Muller J, Smith T, Mellor S, Rare L, Genton B. The effects of distance from home on attendance at a small rural health centre in Papua New Guinea. International Journal of Epidemiology 1998;27(5):878-884.

14. Wilson JB, Collison AH, Richardson D, Kwofie G, Senah KA, Tinkorang EK. The maternity home waiting concept: the Nsawam, Ghana experience. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 1997;59(suppl 2):165-172.

15. Gwatkin DR. Health inequalities and the health of the poor: What do you know? What can we do? Bull World Health Organ 2000;78(1):3-18.

16. Bhatia JC. Levels and causes of maternal mortality in Southern India. Studies in Family Planning 1992;24:310-318.

17. Pebley AR, Goldman N, Rodriguez G.Prenatal and delivery care and childhood immunization in Guatemala: do family and community matter? Demography 1996;33:231-247.

18. Chowdhury MR, Bhuiya A, Simeen Mahmud S, Salam AKMA, Karim F. Immunization divide: Who do get vaccinated in Bangladesh? Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition 2003;21(3):193-204.

19. Hemat S,Takano T, Kizuki M, Mashal T. Health-care provision factors associated with child immunization coverage in a city centre and a rural area in Kabul, Afghanistan. Vaccine 2009;11:27(21):2823-2829.