medigraphic.com
ISSN 0185-3325 (Print)
Órgano Oficial del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz

2000, Number 3

Next >>

Salud Mental 2000; 23 (3)

Representación social del consumo de tabaco en una institución de salud

Arjonilla S, Pelcastre B, Orozco E

Language: Spanish
References: 26
Page: 2-12
PDF size: 163.85 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Background information about tobacco consumption includes the magnitude of the problem and its association with physiological factors, and the lack of social research about it is referred. The design of this study refers to the social representation perspective. The social representation is a psychosocial phenomena whose role is important in the behavioral formation and orientation of communication.
Objetive: The aim of the study is to characterize the social representation of tobacco consumption by workers at different levels in a health institution. This includes smokers and non-smokers.
Method: The methodology used was that of focal groups. There were six groups and in each one there were 5 men and 5 women. The analysis of these interviews was carried out with two basic criteria: smoking and no smoking in three different types of informants: researchers, administrative workers and maintenance workers, all of them were members of the health institution staff. The interviews applied questions on the underlying factors for smoking, its effects on health and personal relationships, views about regulation in public spaces and advertising.
All focal sessions were recorded and later transcribed. The analysis of the information was carried out by using the grounded approach, which is an interpretational analysis based on the creation of theoretic and referential categories, looking for an explanation of the phenomenon (23,25).
Results: The results point out pleasure as one of the most important motives for smoking in the researchers group. Researches establish a relationship between tobacco and concentration and productivity capacities. Anxiety and emotional control were also mentioned. Social pressure from friends is an important factor for begining tobacco consumption. Consumption is considered in a different way in men and women. Tobacco consumption is disapproved in women.
General agreement is expressed in regards to the regulation of non-smoking and smoking areas and more control in the production and the sale of tobacco.
The familiar context is an important factor in non-smokers. Smokers and non-smokers identify the health risk factors of tobacco. Smokers mentioned that physiologic dependency is difficult to overcome, and non-smokers consider those risk factors as an argument for not smoking.
Power relationships are also an important mediating factor in smoking. The relationship among tobacco consumption and stress, gender, status, socialization process and coping with conflicts are emphasized.
Conclusions: Different social representations are described in general terms depending on the referential group to which they belong.
The effects of publicity are questioned due to the diversity of meanings, and social anthropological and psychological research should be made for improving health policies with strong foundations.


REFERENCES

  1. ALVAREZ J: Representaciones e intervención: los jóvenes ante el alcohol. Ponencia presentada en la IV Conferencia Internacional sobre Representaciones Sociales. Agosto, México, 1999.

  2. BOYLE P, MAISONNEUVE P: Lung cancer and tobacco smoking. Lung Cancer, 12(3):167-81, 1995.

  3. CINCIRIPINI PM, HECHT SS, HENNINGFIELD JE, MANLEY MW, KRAMER BS: Tobacco addiction: implications for treatment and cancer prevention. J Natl Cancer Inst, 89(24):1852-67, 1997.

  4. CONNOR K, LANGLOIS: Situational typing and graded smoking reduction. Psychol Rep, 72(31):747-751, 1993.

  5. CURRY SJ, WAGNER EH, CHEADLE A, DIEHR P, KOEPSELL T, PSATY B, MCBRIDE: Assessment of community-level influences on individuals attitudes about cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and consumption of dietary fat. Am J Prev Med, 9(2):78-84, 1993.

  6. FAIRCLOUGH N: Discourse and Social Change. Polity Press. Cambridge, 1992.

  7. FERNANDEZ R: El tabaco, la embriaguez seca. Artículo publicado en internet mitos.htm en fp.chasque.apc.org.

  8. GONZALEZ-VILLALPANDO C, STERN MP, ARREDONDO B, MITCHELL B, VALDEZ R, HAFNER S: Consumo de tabaco en la ciudad de México. Salud Pública Mex, 36:46-50, 1994.

  9. HILL C: Trends in tobacco smoking and consequences on health in France. Prev Med, 27(4):514-9, 1998.

  10. IBAÑEZ T (ed.): Ideologías de la Vida Cotidiana. Sendai, Barcelona, 1988.

  11. JOCKEL KH, POHLABELN H, AHRENS W, KRAUSS M: Environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer. Epidemiology, 9(6):672-5, 1998.

  12. JODELET D: La representación social: fenómenos, concepto y teoría. En: Moscovici S (ed.). Psicología Social II. Pensamiento y Vida Social. Psicología Social y Problemas Sociales. Paidós, Barcelona, 1984.

  13. JODELET D: Représentations, expériences pratiques corporellels et modéles culturéls. En: Conceptions, Mesures et actions en Santé Publique. Inserm Paris, 1982.

  14. JHONSON BE: Tobacco and lung cancer. Prim Care, 25(2):279-91, 1998.

  15. KARMELIC VA: Representación social de la depresión femenina en médicos del sistema de atención primaria de salud de Santiago de Chile. Ponencia presentada en la IV Conferencia Internacional sobre Representaciones Sociales. México, agosto 1999.

  16. KING CH, SIEGEL M, CELEBUCKI C, CONNOLLY GN: Adolescent exposure to cigarette advertising in magazines. JAMA, 279(7):516-520, 1998.

  17. MARTINEZ R: El tabaquismo problema de salud pública que afecta al sistema inmunológico. Conferencia-UAM. http:/www.iztapalapa.uam.mx/iztapalapa.www/cemanahu.ac/numero01/tabaco.htm.

  18. MOSCOVICI S: El Psicoanálisis, su Imagen y su Público. Huemul. Buenos Aires, 1979.

  19. PIERCE JP, CHOI WS, GILPIN EA, FARKAS AJ, BERRY ChC: Tobacco industry promotion of cigarette and adolescent smoking. JAMA, 279(7):511-515, 1998.

  20. RUNDMO T, SMEDSLUND G, GOTESTAM: Expectancies of and specific attitudes towards smoking as predictors of a general attitude about smoking. Psychol Rep, 81(32): 1175-1185, 1997.

  21. SCRIMSHAW S, HURTADO E: Rapid Assessment Procedures. UCLA, Los Angeles, 1988

  22. SHIFFMAN S: Assessing smoking patterns and motives. Consult Clin Psychol, 61(5):732-742, 1993.

  23. STRAUSS A, CORBIN J: Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Technics. Sage, Newbury Park, 1990.

  24. THORNDIKE AN, RIGOTTI NA, STAFFORD RS, SINGER DE: National patterns in the treatment of smokers by physicians. JAMA, 279(8):604-608, 1998.

  25. VALLES M: Técnicas Cualitativas de Investigación Social. Síntesis. Madrid, 1997.

  26. WHETERELL M, POTTER J: Mapping the Language of Racism. Harvester Wheatsheaf. Gran Bretaña, 1992.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com