medigraphic.com
Anales de la Sociedad Mexicana de Oftalmología y Archivos de la Asociación Para Evitar la Ceguera en México

2009, Number 5

<< Back Next >>

Rev Mex Oftalmol 2009; 83 (5)

Prevalencia de retinopatía diabética en población mexicana

Prado-Serrano A, Guido-Jiménez MA, Camas-Benítez JT

Language: Spanish
References: 36
Page: 261-266
PDF size: 94.29 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus is a world wide health problem with high priority in Mexico. There are a variety of systemic complications being the Diabetic retinopathy the main etiology of legal blindness and low vision. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy by clinical and fluorescein angiographic examination in diabetic Mexican subjects in an Ophthalmology Service, from 1978 to 2008. Materials and methods: All subjects had a definitive diagnosis of type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus. A complete ocular clinical history, retinal fundus examination and fluorescein angiography were performed and classified according to the severity of non proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy with or without macular edema. Results: 17301 type 1 or 2 diabetics were studied but only 13670 were included. The fifth and sixth decades of life were the most affected groups. Females had higher number of affected individuals than men. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was higher in type 1 than in type 2 diabetes mellitus groups. In 3965 (29%) subjects it was not possible to find any sign of diabetic retinopathy, 9705 (71%) were diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy, 3591 (37%) had non proliferative variety and 6114 (63%) the proliferative form. Macular edema was present in 1553 (16%) studies. Conclusions: The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is high in the diabetic population studied in an Ophthalmology Service in Mexico. There are specific characteristics concerning gender, age and severity of diabetic retinopathy. In the close future the incidence of diabetes will rise and, as a consequence, the related complications such as retinopathy. The need of educative programs towards the medical staff and the diabetic population in order to understand, detect and treat this devastating ocular complication is mandatory.


REFERENCES

  1. Amos AF, McCart DJ, Zimmet P. The Rising global burden of diabetes and it complications: estimates and proyections to the year 2010. Diabet Med 1997; 14(suppl 5):S1-85.

  2. Zimmet P, Alberti KG, Sahw J. Global and social implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature 2001; 414:782-787.

  3. West SK, Muñoz B, Klein R y cols. Risk factors for type II diabetes and diabetic retinopathy i a Mexican-American population: Proyecto VER. Am J Ophthalmol 2002; 134:390-398.

  4. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinophaty Study Research Group: Early photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy: ETDRS report No 9.Ophthalmology 1991; 98:766.

  5. 5 Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Linton KL. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Retinopathy in adults with newly discovered and previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus. Ophthalmology 1992;9:58-62.

  6. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Cruickshanks KJ. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy: XVII. The 14-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy and associated risk factors in type 1 diabetes. Ohthalmology 1998; 105:1801-1815.

  7. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Cruickshanks KJ. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. XIV. Tenyear incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 1994; 112:1217-1228.

  8. Ravinobitz KE. Las maculopatías hipóxicas. México. 1986

  9. Bloodworth JMB, Engerman RL. Diabetic microangiography in the experimentally diabetic dog and its prevention by careful control with insulin. Diabetes 1973; 22:290.

  10. Bloodworth JMB, Molitor DL. Ultrastructural aspects of human and canine diabetic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol 1965; 4:1037.

  11. Benson EW. Duane´s Clinical Ophthalmology on CD-ROM, vol 3 Cap 30; Philadelphia, Lippincott Wilkins, 2003.

  12. Pelzek C. Diabetic macular edema: review and update. Ophthalmol Clin North Am 2002; 15(4):555-563.

  13. Yanoff M, Duker JS. Ophthalmology CD-ROM, section 8.20, Mosby 1998.

  14. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE. Visual imparmeint in diabetes Ophthalmology 1984; 91:1-9.

  15. Rodriguez J, Sanchez R, Muñoz B y cols. Causes of blindness and visual impairment in a population-based sample of U.S:Hispanics. Ophthalmology 2002; 109:737-743.

  16. Hara T, Inami M. Efficacy and safety of fluorescein angiography with orally administered sodium fluorescein. Am J Ophthalmol 1998; 126:560-564.

  17. Danis PD, Stephens T. Photoxic reactions caused by sodium fluorescein. Am J Ophthalmol 1997; 123:694-696.

  18. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinophaty Study Research Group: Fundus photographic risk factors for progression of diabetic retinopathy. ETDRS report No 10.Ophthalmology,1991; 98:823.

  19. Hanis CL, Hewett-Emmett D, Berlin TK, Schull WJ. Origins of U.S. Hispanics. Implications for diabetes. Diabetes Care 1991; 14:618-627.

  20. Tudor SM, Hamman RF, Baron A y cols. Incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy in hispanics and non-Hispanic whites with tipe 2 diabetes. San Luis Valley Diabetes Study,Colorado. Diabetes Care 1998; 21:52-61.

  21. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE y cols. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy X. Four–year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is 30 year or more. Arch Ophthalmol 1989; 107:244-249.

  22. Prevent Blindness America. Vision problems in the U.S.: Prevalence of adult vision impairment and age related eye disease in America. En: http://www. Prevent blidness.org/vpus/ VPUS_report_web.pdf. Accessed May 19, 2003.

  23. Mitchell P, Smith W, Wang JJ, Attebo K. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in an older community. The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology 1998; 105:406-411.

  24. West SK, Klein R. Rodriguez J y cols. Diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in a Mexican-American population: Proyecto VER. Diabetes Care 2001:24:1204-1209.

  25. Davison MB, Schriger DL, Peters AL, Lober B. Relationship between fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hamoglobin: potential for false- positive diagnoses of type 2 diabetes using new diagnostic criteria. JAMA 1999; 281:1203-1210.

  26. Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE y cols. The Wisconsin epidemologyc study of diabetic retinopathy. III. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age of diagnosis is 30 or more years. Arch Ophthalmol 1984: 102:527-532.

  27. Varma R, Paz S, Azen S y cols. The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. Design, methods and baseline data. Ophthalmology 2004; 111:1121-1131.

  28. Esther, y cols. Factores de riesgo asociados a retinopatía diabética tipo 2. Acta Medica Peruana 2006: 21(1):4-7.

  29. Haffener SM, Fong D, Stern MP y cols. Diabetic retinopathy in Mexican-Americans and non-Hispanic whites. Diabetes Care 1991; 14:618-627.

  30. Fiegal KM, Ezzati TM, Harris MI y cols. Prevalence of diabetes in Mexican-Americans, Cubans and Puerto Ricans from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1982-1984. Diabetes Care 1991; 14:628-638.

  31. Romero A y cols. Epidemiología de la retinopatía diabética en pacientes tipo II. Arch Soc Esp Oftal 2007; 82:209-218.

  32. Selbach R. Revista de Sociedad medica brasileña. Brasil. 2004:50.

  33. Romero P y cols. Actualización en la epidemiología de la retinopatía diabética. Annals Oftalmologia 2004; 12(3)140- 148.

  34. Schatz H y cols. Interpretation of Fundus Fluorescein Angiography. EUA. 1978:10-54.

  35. Negi A. Epidemiología de la Retinopatía diabética. J Royal Soc Med. 2003; 96:266-272.

  36. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Linton KL. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Retinopathy in adults with newly discovered and previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus. Ophthalmology 1992;99:58-62.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com