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Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán

2000, Number 1

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Rev Biomed 2000; 11 (1)

Dopamine: synthesis, release and receptors in the central nervous system

Bahena-Trujillo R, Flores G, Arias-Montaño JA

Language: Spanish
References: 110
Page: 39-60
PDF size: 117.00 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Dopamine is the major catecholaminergic transmitter in the central nervous system where it is involved in a wide variety of functions such as motor activity, mood, emotivity, affectiviness and neuroendocrine communication. Dopamine is synthetised from the aminoacid Ltyrosine and there are mechanisms that precisely control in a very precise manner both neurotransmitter synthesis and release. Molecular cloning has led to the identification of five different receptor subtypes, all members of the Gprotein-coupled receptor superfamily. These subtypes are divided into two major pharmacological families, namely D1 and D2. D1 receptors (D1 and D5 subtypes) are coupled to G proteins (Gs) and stimulate cyclic AMP formation as the main transducing mechanism. By activating different G proteins (Gαi and Gαo) D2-like receptors (D2, D3 and D4 subtypes) inhibit cyclic AMPc formation, activate K+ channels and reduce Ca2+ entry through voltage-activated channels. Alterations in dopaminergic transmission have been shown to relate, either directly or indirectly, to severe disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia and drug addiction.


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