Sánchez-Rodríguez SH, Barajas-Vásquez GE, Ramírez-Alvarado ED, Moreno-García A, Barbosa-Cisneros OY

Language: Spanish
References: 27
Page: 49-55
PDF size: 35.82 Kb.

ABSTRACT

The main function of the immune system is to defend the organism by recognising potentially pathogenic antigens and their elimination; however such mechanisms may fail through two effector mechanisms: humoral immunity and cellular immunity, under certain circumstances resulting in a lack of immune response to pathogens (immunodeficiency) or failure by lack of self recognition (autoimmunity), or the immune system may respond to determine antigens in an exaggerated way producing hypersensitivity.
Therefore the self and non-self recognition is key to understand autoimmunity. The immune system possesses a variety of HL-A mediated mechanisms that allow the immune system to identify alogenic, xenogenic and singenic antigens.
The hallmark of autoimmune diseases is the breaking down of tolerance to autoantibody production against a broad variety of self antigens, that are the target of autoantibodies and sensibilized cells.

REFERENCES

1. Moreno-Rodríguez J. Respuesta inmune y mecanismos de autoinmunidad. México: Noriega UTEHA; 1996. p. 15-6.

2. Ehrlich P, Morgenroth J, Über Hämolysene, Dritte Mittelung, Berl Klin Wochenschr 1900; 37:453.

3. Herrera-Esparza R, Avalos-Díaz E, Moreno-Rodríguez J. Biología de los anticuerpos antinucleares. Serie Científica y Tecnológica-DGIP-UAZ. Primera Edición. Zacatecas, Méx 1997; cap-2, cap-4, cap-5.

4. Cabral-Arellano F, Avalos-Díaz E, Herrera-Esparza R. Idiotipos y antiidiotipos: estructura y función en autoinmunidad. Rev Mex Reumat 1996;11:107-16.

5. Milgrom F, Wtebsky E. Autoantibodies and autoimmune diseases. JAMA 1962;181:706-716.

6. Avalos-Díaz E, Aguilera-Galaviz A, Herrera-Esparza R. UV-A Irradiation increases the expression of the 60 kD Ro antigen in human keratinocytes. Chron Derm 1996;6:791-801.

7. Hargraves MM, Richmond H, Murton R. Presentation of two bone marrow elements: The “tart” cells and the “LE” cell. Mayo Clin Proc 1948; 23:25.

8. Von Muhlen CA, Tan EM. Autoantibodies in the diagnosis of systemic rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Rheum 1995;24:323-358.

9. Goldstein R, Duvic M, Targoff I, Reichlin M, McMenemy A, Reveile J, et al. HLA-D region genes associated with autoantibody responses to histidyl-transfer RNA synthetase Jo-1 and other translation-related factors in myositis. Arthritis Rheum 1990;33:1240-8.

10. Herrera-Esparza R, Avalos-Díaz E, Almanza L. Ro/Anti- Ro en la Biología Humana. Rev Mex Reumat 1987;2:2-6.

11. Casiola-Rosen LA, Miller DK, Anhalt GJ, Rosen A. Specific cleavage of the 70 KDa protein component of the U1 small nuclear riboprotein is a characteristic biochemical feature of apoptotic cell death. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:30757-60.

12. Anderson JR, Gray KG, Bed JS. Precipitating antibodies in Sjögren diseases. Lancet 1961;2:456-60.

13. Mamula MJ, Silverman ED, Laxer RM, Bentur L, Isacovics B, Hardin JA. Human monoclonal anti-La antibodies the La protein resides on a subset of Ro particles. J Immunol 1989;143:2923-8.

14. Dickey WD, Van Egmond JE, Hardgrave KL, Harley JB, Scofield RH. Presence of anti-La(SS-B) is associated with binding to the 13-kD carboxyl terminus of 60-kD Ro(SS-A) in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Invest Dermatol 1993,100:412-6.

15. Clark GM, Reichlin M, Tomasi T. Characterization of a soluble cytoplasmic antigen reactive with sera from patients systemic lupus erythematous. J Immunol 1969;102:117-22.

16. Alspaugh MA, Talal N, Tan EM. Differentiation and characterization of autoantibodies and their antigens in Sjögren syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 1976;19:216-22.

17. Alspaugh MA, Madison P. Resolution of the identity of certain antigen antibody system in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren’s syndrome. An interlaboratory collaboration. Arthritis Rheum 1979;22:796-8.

18. Bollain-y-Goytia JJ, Avalos-Díaz E, Herrera-Esparza R. Fas ligand and Bax gene transcription contributes to Ro60 ribonucleoprotein redistribution in UV-A irradiated human keratinocytes. Joint Bone Spine 2000;67:283-9.

19. Wolin S, Steitz J. Genes for two small cytoplasmic Ro RNAs are adjacent and appear to be single-copy in the human genome. Cell 1983;32:735-44.

20. Wolin S, Steitz J. The Ro small cytoplasmic ribunucleoproteins: identification of the antigenic protein and its binding site on the Ro RNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1984;81:1996-2000.

21. Deutscher S, Harley J, Keene J. Molecular analysis of the 60-kDa human Ro ribunucleoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988;85:9479-83.

22. McCauliffe D, Sontheimer R. Molecular characterization of the Ro/SS-A autoantigens. J Invest

23. O´Brien CA, Marguelot K, Wolin SL. Xenopus Ro ribonucleoproteins: Members of an evolutionary conserved class of cytoplasmic ribonucleoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90:7250-4.

24. Hendrick JP, Wolin S, Rinke J, Lerner R, Steitz J. Ro small cytoplasmic ribonucleoproteins are a subclass of La ribonucleoproteins further characterization of the Ro and La small ribonucleoproteins of uninfected mammalian cells. Mol Cel Biol 1981;1:1138-49.

25. Peek R, Pruijn GJM, Van der kemp AJW, Van Venrooij WJ. Subcellular distribution of Ro ribonucleoprotein complex and their constituents. J Cell Sci 1993;106:926-35.

26. López-Luna A, Ramírez-Santoyo M, Barbosa-Cisneros OY, Avalos-Díaz E, Moreno J, Herrera-Esparza R. Phosphorylation profiles of 60 kDa antigen in synchronized HEp-2 cells. Scan J Rheumatol 1995; 24:293-9.

27. Ramos-De León MP, Herrera-Esparza R. Tyrosine kinase participate in phosphorylation of the Ro60 ribunucleoprotein. Rev Rhum Engl Ed 1998; 65:89-93.