Rivera-Domarco J, Shama-Levy T, Villalpando-Hernández S, González CT, Hernández-Prado B, Sepúlveda J

Language: Spanish
References: 32
Page: 61-73
PDF size: 439.59 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status of and women in reproductive age, considering anthropometric, dietary and biochemical indicators, in order to establish the prevalence of specific deficiencies of under weight, overweight and obesity.
Material and methods: We carried out a probabilistic survey, representative at national level, that included towns four regions of the country (North, Center, Mexico City and South). 18,311 women were interviewed of between 12 and 49 years. The studied variables were: Anthropometric, weight at born, anemia, diet and micronutrients.
Results: An important difference was observed in height of women´s North region and South, it was 5.7 cm; the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 60.8% and 46.9%, respectively; the prevalence of anemia, adjusted by altitude was 20%; the weight at born average was of 3,250g, while the prevalence or low weight was 8.9%; in general an important underconsumption it was observed for certain vitamins and inorganic nutriment, in particular in breastfeed women; the biochemical evaluation showed that the prevalence of serum deficiency in vitamin C was 39.3%, anemia 70% and Zinc 30.8%.
Conclusions: The owewight and obesity represent a serious problem of health in whule country, so much withe rural means as in the urbans zone, a tendency exists to present android type obesity. The anemia and iron deficiencies, zinc, vitamin C abd filic acid were the most frequent.

REFERENCES

1. Administrative Committee on Coordination. Subcommittee on Nutrition (ACC/SCN). The World Nutrition Situation. Nutrition throughout the life cycle. United Nations in collaboration with International Food Policy Research Institute. Geneva: ACC/SCN, 2000.

2. Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer-Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. Eur J Clin Nutr 2000; 54: 247-52

3. De Onís M, Habicht JP. Anthropometric reference data for international use: Recommendations from a World Health Organization. Expert Committee Am J Clin Nutr 1996; 64: 650-8.

4. Rivera J, Ruel MT. Growth retardation starts in the first three months of life among rural Guatemala children. Eur J Clin Nutr 1997; 51: 92-6.

5. Ramakrishnan U, Martorell R, Schroeder DG. Role of the intergenerational effects on linear growth. J Nutr 1999; 129 (Suppl 2): 544s-9s.

6. Martorell R. Long-term consequences of undernutrition on physical and cognitive development. Annales Nestlé 1999; 57: 96-106.

7. Ashworth A. Effects of intrauterine growth retardation on mortality and morbidity in infants and young children. Eur J Clin Nutr 1998; 52 (Suppl 1): 34s-41s; discussion s41-2.

8. Yip R. Iron deficiency. Bull World Health Org 1998; 76 (Suppl 2): 121s-3s.

9. Yip R, Dallman PR. Iron in Present knowledge in nutrition. Ziegler E, Filer LJ (Eds) Seventh Ed. Washington, ILSI Press 1996.

10. Scholl TO, Headgear ML, Fischer RL. Anemia vs. iron deficiency. Increased risk of preterm delivery in a prospective study. Am J Clin Nutr 1992; 55: 985-8.

11. Singla PN, Tyagi M, Shankar R. Fetal iron status in a prospective study. Am J Clin Nutr 1992; 55: 985-8.

12. Cziezel AE. Primary prevention of neuraltube defects and some other mayor congenital abnormalities recommendations for the appropriate use of folic acid during pregnancy. Paediatr Drugs 2000; 2: 437-49.

13. Mutchinick OM, López MA, Luna L, Waxman J, Babinsky VE. High prevalence of the thermolabile methylenehydrofolate reductase variant in Mexico: A country with a very high prevalence of neural tube defects. Mol Genet Metab 1999; 68: 461-7.

14. Casanueva E, Magaña L, Pfeffer F, Báez A. Incidence of premature rupture of membranes in pregnant women with low leukocyte levels of vitamin C. Eur J Clin Nutr 1991; 45: 401-5.

15. Murillo-Uribe A, Deleze-Hinojosa M, Aguirre E. Osteoporosis en la mujer postmenopáusica mexicana. Magnitud del problema. Estudio multicéntrico. Ginecol Obste Mex 1999; 67: 227-33.

16. Secretaría de Salud. Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición 1988. Dirección General de Epidemiología, México 1988.

17. Secretaría de Salud. Encuesta Nacional de Enfermedades Crónicas. Dirección General de Epidemiología, México 1993.

18. Instituto Nacional de Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Encuesta Urbana de Nutrición y Alimentación de la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México, INNSZ 1995.

19. WHO MONICA Project: Risk factors. Internat J Epidem 1989; 18 (Suppl 1): 46s-55s.

20. Chan JM, Rimm EB, Coldiz Ga, Stampfer MJ, Willet WC. Obesity, fat distribution and weight gain as risk factors for clinical diabetes in men. Diabetes Care 1994; 17: 961-9.

21. Dwyer JT, Medical evaluation and classification of obesity. In Blackburn GL, Kanders BS (Ed.) Obesity. Phatophysioly, physhology and treatment. New York Chapman & Hall 1994; 2-38.

22. Colditz GA, Willet WC, Stampfer MJ. Weight as risk factor for clinical diabetes in women. Am J Epidemiol 1990; 132: 501-13.

23. Rolland-Cachera MF, Cole TJ, Sempe M, Tichet J, Rossignol C, Charraud A. Body Mass Index Variations: Centiles from birth to 87 years. Eur J Clin Nutr 1991; 45: 13-21.

24. World Health Organization. Obesity, preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity, Geneva June 1997.

25. Must A, Dallal GE, Dietz WH. Reference data for obesity: 85th and 95th percentiles of body mass index and triceps skin fold thickness 1.4 Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53: 839-46.

26. World Health Organization. World Health Statistics Annual 1995. WHO Geneva 1996.

27. World Health Organization. The prevalence of anemia in women: A tabulation of available information. 2d edition. Geneva WHO 1992.

28. Ruiz-Argüelles G, Llorente-Peters A. Predicción algebraica de parámetros de serie roja de adultos sanos residentes en alturas de 0 a 2,670 metros. Rev Invest Clin 1981; 33: 191-3.

29. Gibson RS. Food consumption of individuals in Gibson RS Principles of nutritional assessment. New York, Oxford University Press 1990: 37-54.

30. Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes. Washington, National Academy Press, 2000.

31. Phillips DI, Barker DJ, Hales CN, Hirs S, Osmond C. Thinness at birth and insulin resistance in adult life. Diabetología 1994; 37: 150-4.

32. De Onís M, Blossner M, Vilar J. Levels and patterns of intrauterine growth retardation in developing countries. Eur J Clin Nut 1998; 52: SI: S5-S15.