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Órgano oficial de difusión de la Federación Mexicana de Patología Clínica, AC y de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Patología Clínica/Medicina de Laboratorio

2005, Number 1

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Rev Mex Patol Clin Med Lab 2005; 52 (1)

Measles: Ancient disease, new strategies.

Carrada BT

Language: Spanish
References: 70
Page: 40-52
PDF size: 240.09 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Measles is an acute viral infection caused by a Morbillivirus of the family Paramyxoviridae. Virions are pleomorphic spheres with a diameter of 100 to 250 nm, inner nucleocapside is a coiled helix of protein-RNA, envelop bears short surface projections: conical-shaped hemagglutinin (H) and dumbbell-fusion (F) peplomer. Wild measles virus is rather difficult to propagate in tissue cultures, where it produces syncytial giant cells and virus can be detected by hemadsorption of Rhesus monkey erythrocytes. Measles is spread by air-droplets from respiratory secretions of infected persons. The incubation period ranges from 10 to 14 days. Prodromal phase is manifested by malaise, fever, anorexia, conjunctivitis, cough and coryza, just before the appearance of the rash, the Koplik’s enanthem appears as bluish gray specks on a red base. Pneumonia accounts for 60 % of complications deaths in infants dying of measles. Only 1 in 1,000 patients develops acute encephalitis, but subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a rare late complication. The most frequently used laboratory diagnostic methods is the serologic response to the virus. Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) is sensitive and simpler to perform, it can be adapted to measure specific IgM antibody. Prevention is carried out by administration of live attenuated vaccines of Edmonston-Zagreb strains. This paper presents the natural history, virology and epidemiology of measles, laboratory diagnosis, prevention and management of the disease.


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