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Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México

2009, Number 2

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Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2009; 66 (2)

Hepatitis C in children: Present overview

Heller-Rouassant S, Valencia-Mayoral P

Language: Spanish
References: 184
Page: 189-203
PDF size: 250.14 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Hepatitis C (HC) is an important cause of chronic hepatic disease worldwide. HC virus has a complex genetic diversity, with 6 genotypes of which genotype 1 is the most frequent, followed by genotypes 2 and 3. At the present time, perinatal transmission is the most frequent source of infection in children. Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is in general silent, and abnormal aminotransferases in serum are frequently found. Diagnosis of CHC might be suspected with clinical data and biochemical abnormalities, and confirmed by serological studies of anti-HC antibodies, molecular qualitative and quantitative virus detection, histological features of inflammation, steatosis, fibrosis and cirrhosis, and biochemical markers of fibrosis and inflammation that can offer a non-invasive tool for diagnosis. Currently, the best therapeutic option for CHC treatment is the prolonged use of a combination of pegilated interferon and ribavirin, which has been associated to a better percentage of sustained viral response that with interferon monotherapy. The main preventive measure for HC is a strict control of blood transfusions which has reduced the incidence of HC. Research is in progress to develop HC vaccines that will have a preventive and therapeutic role in the control of HC virus infection.


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  101. Ishii T, Ohto H, Takeuchi C, Ariga H, Hirai S, Ujiie N, et al. Evolution in the hypervariable region of the hepatitis C virus in two infants infected by mother -to -infant transmission. Pediatr Int. 2005; 47: 278-85.

  102. Matsubara T, Sumazaki R, Shin K, Nagai Y, Takita H. Genotyping of hepatitis C virus: Coinfections by multiple genotypes detected in children with chronic post transfusion hepatitis C. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1996; 22: 79-84.

  103. Lisker M, Kershenobich D, Borras-Cuesta F. Distribución genotípica del virus de la hepatitis C en un hospital de tercer nivel de la Ciudad de México. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 1995; 60 Supl 3: S70.

  104. Cital-Zamora JL, Navarrete-Castro R, Magaña-Muñoz KD, Martínez-Rodríguez MA, Calderón GM. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus genotypes in a Mexican population. Arch Med Res. 2005; 36: 607.

  105. Vera-de León L, Juárez-Navarrete JA, Díaz-Gómez M, Méndez-Navarro J, Chirino-Sprung RA, Dehesa-Violante M, et al. Epidemiologic and situational panorama of hepatitis C in Mexico. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2005; 70: 25-32.

  106. Dehesa-Violante M, Bosques-Padilla F, Kershenobich-Stainikowitz D. The Mexican Study Group of Pegasys. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus in Mexican patients. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2007; 72: 344-8.

  107. Rivas-Estilla AM, Cordero-Pérez P, Trujillo-Murillo KC, Ramos-Jiménez J, Chen-López C, Garza-Rodríguez ML, et al. Genotyping of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in infected patients from Northeast Mexico. Ann Hepatol. 2008; 7: 144-7.

  108. García-Montalvo BM, Galguera-Colorado PL. Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes, risk factors and liver disease in patients from Yucatan, Mexico. Ann Hepatol. 2008: 7: 345-9.

  109. Donahue JG, Muñoz A, Ness PM, Brown DE Jr, Yawn DH, McAllister HA Jr, et al. The declining risk of post-transfusion hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1992; 327: 369-73.

  110. Bortolotti F, Resti M, Giacchino R, Crivellaro C, Zancan L, Azzari C, et al. Changing epidemiologic pattern of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in Italian children. J Pediatr. 1998; 133: 378-81.

  111. Davison CM, Mieli-Cergani G, SIra J, Kelly DA. Perinatal hepatitis C virus infection: Diagnosis and management. Arch Dis Child. 2006; 91: 781-5.

  112. Mok J, Pembrey L, Toyo PA, Newell ML. When does mother to child transmission of hepatitis C virus occur? Arch Dis Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2005; 90: F156-60.

  113. Granovsky MO, Minkoff HL, Tess BH, Waters D, Hatzakis A, Devoid DE, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection in the mothers and infants cohort study. Pediatrics. 1998; 102: 355-9.

  114. Schuval S, van Dyke RB, Lindsey JC. Hepatitis C prevalence in children with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus infection enrolled in a log-term follow-up protocol. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004; 158: 1007-13.

  115. Kuman RM, Shabul S. Role of breast-feeding in transmission of hepatitis C virus to infants of HCV-infected mothers. J Hepatol. 1998; 29: 191-7.

  116. Pembrey l, Newell ML, Tovo PA, EPHN Collaborators. The management of HCV infected pregnant women and their children. European paediatric HCV network. J Hepatol. 2005; 43: 515-25.

  117. England K, Pembrey L, Tovo PA. Excluding hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by serology in young infants of HCV-infected mothers. Acta Paediatr. 2005; 94: 44-50.

  118. Szabo G, Dolganiuc A. Hepatitis C and innate immunity: Recent advances. Clin Liver Dis. 2008; 12: 675-92.

  119. Narkewicz MR, Cabrera R, González-Peralta RP. The “C” of viral hepatitis in children. Semin Liver Dis. 2007; 27: 295-311.

  120. Vrielink H, Reesink HW, van der Burg PJ, Zaaijer HL, Cuypers HT, Lelie PN, et al. Performance of three generations of anti-hepatitis C virus enzyme linked immunosorbant assay in donors and patients. Transfusion. 1997; 37: 745-9.

  121. Gretch DR. Diagnostic test for hepatitis C. Hepatology. 1997; 26 Suppl 1: 43-7.

  122. Esteban JI, González A, Hernández JM, Viladomiu L, Sánchez C, López-Talavera JC, et al. Evaluation of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in a study of transfusion-associated hepatitis. N Engl J Med. 1990; 323: 1107-12.

  123. Pawlotsky JM, Bouvier-Alias M, Hezode C, Darthuy F, Remire J, Dhumeaux D. Standardization of hepatitis C virus RNA quantification. Hepatology. 2000; 32: 654-9.

  124. Gretch DR, de la Rosa C, Carithers RL Jr, Willson RA, Williams B, Corey L. Assessment of hepatitis C viremia using molecular amplification technologies: Correlations and clinical implications. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123: 321-9.

  125. Vermehren J, Kau A, Gärtner BC, Göbel R, Zeuzem S, Sarrazin C. Differences between two real-time PCR-based hepatitis C virus (HCV) assays (Real Time HCV and Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan) and one signal amplification assay (Versant HCV RNA 3.0) for RNA detection and quantification. J Clin Microbiol. 2008; 46: 3880-91.

  126. Scheuer PJ, Lefkowith T. Liver biopsy interpretation. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunder; 2005. p. 145-70.

  127. Giannattasio A, Spagnuolo MI, Sepe A, Valerio G, Vecchione E, Vegnente A, et al. Is HCV infection associated with liver steatosis also in children? J Hepatol. 2006; 45: 350-4.

  128. Desmet V, Gerber M, Hoofnagle JH, Manns M, Scheuer PJ. Classification of chronic hepatitis: diagnosis, grading and staging. Hepatology. 1994; 19: 1513-20.

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