Fioruci BF, Marino DC

Language: English
References: 53
Page: 201-209
PDF size: 98.77 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Physiological adaptations of calcium and bone metabolism during pregnancy and lactation in adults and adolescents are reviewed in this work, with emphasis on intestinal absorption, urinary excretion, bone turnover and hormonal regulation. Adjustments to maintain calcium homeostasis during pregnancy and lactation in adult women appear to have no long-term deleterious effect to maternal bone health under a wide range of calcium intake. Much less is known about the ability of adolescent women to adapt to the high calcium demands of pregnancy and lactation while preserving maternal bone mass. Calcium requirements may double when pregnancy and lactation are associated with adolescence and the homeostatic mechanisms may not be sufficient to ensure an adequate bone mass accretion of the young mother together with adequate fetal growth and milk production. The available evidence indicates that pregnancy and lactation are physiological conditions that may adversely affect bone mass acquisition of adolescent women when calcium intake is low. Long term studies are needed to evaluate the impact of pregnancy and lactation during adolescence on maternal bone mass at adulthood. Micronutrients other than calcium, gene polymorphisms, and other special maternal groups should also be considered in studies on bone mass during pregnancy and lactation.

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