2009, Number 1
<< Back Next >>
Med Sur 2009; 16 (1)
Currents in neurological intensive care. Second part:
Subarachnoid bleeding secondary to aneurism rupture
Carrillo ER, Leal GP, Arellano CR
Language: Spanish
References: 63
Page: 10-18
PDF size: 103.77 Kb.
ABSTRACT
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a significant cause of stroke in the Intensive Care Unit and is associated to an elevated morbimortality. Vasospasm is a major early complication and is related to hypoperfusion, cerebral ischemia and stroke. For this reason its diagnosis and treatment early and opportune are essentials in order to improve outcome and avoid sequels. The purpose of this article is to review the pathophysiology and advances on treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
REFERENCES
Ingall T, Asplund K, Mahonen M, Bonita R. A multinacional comparison of subarachnoid hemorrhage epidemiology in the WHO MONICA stroke study. Stroke 2000; 31: 1054-1061.
Hop J, Rinkel G, Algra A, van Gijn J. Case fatality rates and functional outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review. Stroke 1997; 28: 660-664.
Huang J, van Gelder JM. The probability of sudden death from rupture of intracranial aneurysm: a meta-analysis. Neurosurgery 2002; 51: 1101-1105.
Naval N, Stevens R, Mirski M, Bhardway A. Controversies in the management of aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Crit Care Med 2006; 34: 511-524.
Teunissen L, Rinkel G, Algra A, van Gijn J. Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage. A systematic review. Stroke 1996; 27: 544-549.
Hashimoto T, Meng H, Young W. Intracranial aneurysm: links among inflammation, hemodynamics and vascular remodeling. Neurol Res 2006; 28: 372-380.
Gibbons G, Dzau V. The emerging concept of vascular remodeling. N Engl J Med 1994; 330: 1431-1438.
Hoi Y, Meng H, Woodward S. Effects of arterial geometry on aneurysm growth: Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics study. J Neurosurg 2004; 101: 676-681.
Chiu J, Chen N, Lee P. Analysis of the effect of disturbed flow on monocytic adhesion to endothelial cells. J Biomech 2003; 36: 1883-1895.
Hoefer I, van Royen N, Rectenwald J. Arteriogenesis proceeds via ICAM-1/Mac-1 mediated mechanisms. Circ Res 2004; 94: 1179-1185.
Shyy Y, Chien S. Role of integrins in cellular responses to mechanical stress and adhesion. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1997; 9: 707-713.
Hidjra A, Braakman R, van Gijn J, Vermeulen M, van Crevel H. Aneurysmal subarchnoid hemorrhage. Complications and outcome in a hospital population. Stroke 1987; 18: 1061-1067.
Rose J, Mayer S. Optimizing blood pressure in neurological emergencies. Neurocrit Care 2004; 3: 287-299.
Heros R, Zervas N, Varsos V. Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: an update. Ann Neurol 1983; 308: 619-624.
Lee H, Lukovits T, Friedman J. “Triple-H” therapy for cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2006; 4: 68-76.
Pluta R. Dysfunction of nitric oxide synthases as a cause and therapeutic target in delayed cerebral vasospasm after SAH. Neurol Res 2006; 28: 730-737.
Mocco J, Zacharia B, Komotar R, Connolly E. A review of current and future medical therpies for cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurg Focus 2006; 21: E9.
Zhang Z, Macdonald R. Contribution of the remodeling response to cerebral vasospasm. Neurol Res 2006; 28: 713-720.
Stein S, Levine J, Nagpal S, LeRoux P. Vasospasm as the sole cause of cerebral ischemia: how strong is the evidence. Neurosurg Focus 2006; 21: E2.
Dernbach P, Little J, Jones S, Ebrahim Z. Altered cerebral autorregulation and CO2 reactivity after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 1988; 22: 822-826.
Salomon P, Post K, McMurty J. Depression of circulating blood volume in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage: implications for the management of symptomatic vasospasm. Neurosurgery 1984; 15: 354-361.
Macdonald R. Management of cerebral vasospasm. Neurosurg Rev 2006; 29: 179-193.
Smith M. Intensive care management of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2007; 20: 400-407.
Internacional Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) Collaborative Group. International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) of neurosurgical clipping versus endovascular coiling in 2,143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysm: a randomized trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 1267-1274.
Loizer A, Connoly E, Lavine S, Solomon R. Gugliemi detachable coil embolization of posterior circulation aneurysm. A systematic review of the literature. Stroke 2002; 33: 2509-2518.
Rabinstein A, Pchelman M, Friedman J. Symptomatic vasospasm and outcomes following aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a comparison between surgical repair and endovascular coil occlusion. J Neurosurg 2003; 98: 319-325.
Whitfield P, Kirkpatrick P. Timing of surgery for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2001.
Rinkel G, Feigin V, Algra A, van Gijn J. Circulatory volume expansion therapy for aneurysmal subrachnoid haemorrhage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004.
Meyer F. Calcium antagonist and vasospasm. Neurosurg Clin N Am 1990; 1: 367-376.
Ferro J, Canhão P, Peralta R. Update on subarachnoid haemorrhage. J Neurol 2008; 255: 465-479.
Aaslid R. Hemodynamics of cerebrovascular spasm. Acta Neurochir Suppl 1999; 72: 47-57.
Solomon R, Fink M, Lennihan L. Early aneurysm surgery and prophylactic hypervolemic hypertensive therapy for the treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 1988; 45: 325-332.
Solomon R, Fink M, Lennihan L. Prophylactic volume expansion therapy for the prevention of delayed cerebral ischemia after early aneurysm surgery. Results of a preliminary trial. Arch Neurol 1988; 23: 699-704.
Lennihan L, Mayer S, Fink M. Effect of hypervolemic therapy on cerebral blood flow after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a randomized controlled tiral. Stroke 2000; 31: 383-391.
Egge A, Waterloo K, Sjoholm H. Prophylactic hyperdinamic postoperative fluid therapy after aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a clinical, prospective, randomized, controlled study. Neurosurgery 2001; 49: 593-605.
Westermaier T, Zausinger S, Baethmann A, Schmid-Elsaesser R. Dose finding study of intravenous magnesium sulphate in transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2005; 147: 525-532.
Muir K, Lees K, Ford I. Magnesium for acute stroke (Intravenous magnesium efficacy in stroke trial): Randomized, controlled, trial. Lancet 2004; 363: 439-445.
van der Bergh V, Algra A, van Kooten F. Magnesium sulfate in aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A randomized controlled trial. Stroke 2005; 36: 1011-1015.
Veyna R, Seyfried D, Burke D. Magnesium sulfate therapy after aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 2002; 96: 510-514.
Tseng MY, Phil M, Czosnyka M, Richards H, Pickard J, Chir M. Effects of acute treatment with statins on cerebral autoregulation in patients after aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurg Focus 2006; 21: E10 1-5.
Lynch J, Wang H, McGirt M, Floyd J, Friedman A, Coon A. Simvastatin reduces vasospasm after aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage: results of a pilot randomized clinical trial. Stroke 2005; 36: 2024-2026.
Parra A, Kreiter K, Williams S, Sciacca R, Mack W. Effect of prior statin use on functional outcome and delayed vasospasm after acute aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a matched controlled cohort study. Neurosurgery 2005; 56: 476-484.
Clozel M, Watanabe H. BQ-123, a peptidic endothelin ETA receptor antagonist, prevents the early cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage after intracisternal but not intravenous injection. Life Sci 1993; 52: 825-834.
Sakurai T, Yanagisawa M, Takuwa Y. Cloning of a cDNA encoding an endothelin receptor. Nature 1990; 348: 730-732.
Juvela S. Plasma endothelin concentrations after subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 2000; 92: 390-400.
Juvela S. Plasma endothelin and big endothelin concentrations and serum endothelin-converting enzyme activity following aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 2002; 97: 1287-1293.
Lin CL, Winardi W, Jeng A, Kwan A. Endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitors for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced vasospasm. Neurol Res 2006; 28: 721-729.
Roos Y, Rinkel G, Vermuelen M, Algra A, van Gijn J. Antifibrinolytic therapy for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2003; 2: CD001245.
Dorhout M, van der Bergh W, Algra A, Rinkel G. Antiplatelet therapy for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007; 4: CD006184.
Pluta R. Dysfunction of nitric oxide synthases as a cause and therapeutic target in delayed cerebral vasospasm after SAH. Neurol Res 2006; 28: 730-737.
Amin-Hanjani S, Ogilvy C, Barrer F. Does intracisternal thrombolysis prevent vasospasm after aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage? A meta-analysis. Neurosurgery 2004; 54: 326-334.
Hamada J, Kai Y, Morioka M, Tano S, Mizuno T. Effect on cerebral vasospasm of coil embolization followed by microcatheter intrathecal urokinase infusion into the cisterna magna. A prospective randomized study. Stroke 2003; 34: 2549-2554.
Asano T, Takakura K, Sano K. Effect of a hydroxil radical scavenger on delayed ischemic neurological deficits following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: results of a multicenter, placebo-controlled double-blind trial. J Neurosurg 1996; 84: 792-803.
Zubkov Y, Nikiforov B, Shustin V. Ballon catheter technique for dilatation of constricted cerebral arteries after aneurismal SAH. Acta Neurochir 1984; 70: 65-79.
Eskridge J, Newell D, Pendleton G. Transluminal angioplasty for treatment of vasospasm. Neurosurg Clin N Am 1990; 1: 387-399.
Coyne T, Montera W, Macdonald R, Wallace M. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Can J Surg 1994; 37: 391-396.
Polin R, Coenen V, Hansen C, Shin P, Baskaya. Efficacy of transluminal angioplasty for the management of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm following aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 2000; 92: 284-290.
Kaku Y, Yonekawa Y, Tsukahara T, Kazekawa K. Superselective intra-arterial infusion of papaverine for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 1992; 77: 842-847.
Polin R, Hansen C, German P, Chadduck J. Intra-arterially administered papaverine for the treatment of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm. Neurosurgery 1998; 42: 1256-1264.
Feng L, Fitzsimmons B, Young W, Berman M, Lin E. Intraarterially administered verapamil as adjunct therapy for cerebral vasospasm: safety and 2-year experience. Am J Neuroradiol 2002; 23: 1284-1290.
Biondi A, Riccardi G, Puybasset L. Intra-arterial nimodipine after aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage: preliminary results. Am J Neuroradiol 2004; 25: 202-206.
Badjatia N, Topocuoglu M, Prior J, Rabonov J. Preliminary experience with intra-arterial nicardipine as a treatment for cerebral vasospasm. J Neurosurg 2001; 95: 44-50.
Firlik K, Kaufmann A, Firlik A, Jungreis C, Yonas H. Intraarterial papaverine for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm following aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Surg Neurol 1999; 83: 430-434.