medigraphic.com
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2008, Number S3

<< Back Next >>

salud publica mex 2008; 50 (S3)

Laws that ban smoking in indoor places in Mexico

Valdés-Salgado R, Ávila-Tang É, Stillman FA, Wipfli H, Samet JM

Language: Spanish
References: 60
Page: 334-342
PDF size: 176.17 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Recently Mexico passed federal and state-level laws banning smoking in indoor spaces. These actions are totally in accordance with measures proposed in the WHO-FCTC’s article 8, ratified by Mexico in 2004. This essay reviews scientific evidence that secondhand smoke causes both chronic and acute diseases among non smokers, children and adults. There is no safe level of exposure to secondhand smoke, so the only effective intervention to protect Mexican people from such harmful exposure is by promoting 100% smoke free indoor air, as the two new laws do. Total banning of smoking is associated with reduction in smoking prevalence, amount of cigarette smoked per day, and an increase in cessation rates. Reductions in acute respiratory symptoms and hospitalization of acute myocardial infarction have been also reported. Well documented examples show that main tobacco industry arguments against smoke free policy: negative economic impact and lack of support from the public, are unjustified. These two laws strengthen the Mexican tobacco control program. Next steps include their implementation, evaluation, enforcement of compliance and encouragement for similar laws at state level.


REFERENCES

  1. Ley General para el Control del Tabaco. Aprobada por el Senado de la República. México, 4 de marzo de 2008.

  2. Ley de Protección a la Salud de los No Fumadores en el Distrito Federal. Aprobada por la Asamblea Legislativa del Distrito Federal el 26 de febrero y publicada en la Gaceta Oficial del Distrito Federal el 4 de marzo de 2008, México, 2008.

  3. Ley del Impuesto Especial sobre Producción y Servicios. Diario Oficial de la Federación, miércoles 27 de diciembre de 2006. Cuarta sección. México, 2006:80.

  4. Valdés-Salgado R. Las cifras de la Epidemia. Daños a la salud y mortalidad atribuible. En Valdés-Salgado R, Lazcano Ponce EC, Hernández Ávila M, eds. Primer Informe sobre el combate al tabaquismo. México ante el Convenio Marco para el Control del Tabaco. México: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, 2005:29-41.

  5. Valdés-Salgado R, Reynales-Shigematsu LM, Lazcano-Ponce E, Hernández-Ávila M. Antes y después del Convenio Marco en México: una comparación desde la Encuesta sobre Tabaquismo en Jóvenes 2003 y 2006. Salud Publica Mex 2007;49(2):155-116.

  6. Guerin MR, Jenkins RA, Tomkins BA. The chemistry of environmental tobacco smoke: composition and measurement. Chelsea, Michigan: Lewis Publishers Inc, 1992.

  7. Hirayama T. Non-smoking wives of heavy smokers have a higher risk of lung cancer: a study from Japan. BMJ 1981;282:183-185.

  8. Cameron P, Kostin JS, Zaks JM, Wolfe JH, Tighe G, Oseletf B, et al. The health of smokers’ and nonsmokers’ children. Journal of Allergy 1969;43(6):336-341.

  9. US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. The health consequences of smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General: 1972. Washington: US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Services and Mental Health Administration, 1972. DHEW Publication No. (HSM) 72-7516.

  10. US Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of involuntary smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville (MD): US Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 1986. DHHS Publication No. (CDC) 87-8398.

  11. US Environmental Protection Agency. Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other Disorders. Washington: US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Office of Air Radiation, 1992. Report No. EPA/600/6-90/0006F.

  12. Scientific Committee on Tobacco and Health. Report of the Scientific Committee on Tobacco and Health. London: The Stationery Office, 1998.

  13. California Environmental Protection Agency. Health Effects of Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke. Office of Environmental Health Hazards Assessment. Sacramento, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1997.

  14. World Health Organization. International Consultation on Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) and Child Health. Consultation Report. Geneva: WHO, 1999.

  15. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monograph on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans: Tobacco Smoke and Involuntary Smoking. Vol. 83 Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2004.

  16. US Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta (GA): US Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2006.

  17. Aguinaga Bialous S, Shatenstein S: PROFITS OVER PEOPLE. Tobacco Industry Activities to Market Cigarettes and Undermine Public Health in Latin America and the Caribbean. Washington DC: Pan American Health Organization, November 2002.

  18. US Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). The health consequences of smoking – chronic obstructive lung disease. A report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1984.

  19. California Environmental Protection Agency (Cal EPA) and Air Resources Board. Proposed identification of environmental tobacco smoke as a toxic air contaminant. Sacramento, CA, California Environmental Protection Agency, 2005.

  20. Wipfli H, Avila-Tang E, Navas-Asien A, Sungroul K, Onicescu G, Yuan J, Breysse P, Samet JM: Secondhand smoke exposure among women and children: evidence from 31 counries. Am J Public Health 2008;98(4):672-679.

  21. Eisner MD: Editorial. Banning smoking in public places. JAMA 2006;296(14):1778-1779.

  22. Rivera JA, Barquera S, Gonzalez-Cossio T, Olaiz G, Sepulveda J: Nutrition transition in Mexico and in other Latin American countries. Nutr Rev 2004;62(II):S149-S157.

  23. Chiolero A, Faeh D, Paccaud F, Cornuz J: Consequences of smoking for body weight, body fat distribution, and insulin resistance. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87(4):801-809.

  24. The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, World Health Assembly Resolution 56. 1, May 21, 2003. Disponible en: http://www.paho.org/Spanish/DD/PUB/sa56r1.pdf [consultado 17 abril 2008].

  25. National Cancer Institute. Health effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke: the report of the California Environmental Protection Agency. Bethesda, MD. National Cancer Institute, 1999 (Smoking and Health Monograph 10).

  26. Jha P, Chaloupka F, eds. Tobacco Control in Developing Countries. Oxford University Press Inc., New York.

  27. Fichtenberg CM, Glantz SA: Effect of smoke-free workplace on smoking behaviour: systematic review. BMJ 2002; 325:188.

  28. Yurekli A, Zhang P. The impact of clean indoor-air laws and cigarette smuggling on demand for cigarettes: an empirical model. Health Econ 2000;9(2):159-170.

  29. Evans WN, Farrelly MC, Montgomery E. Do workplace smoking bans reduce smoking? American Economy Review 1999;89(4):728-747.

  30. Glasgow RE, Cumming KM, Hyland A: Relationship of worksite smoking policy to changes in employee tobacco use: findings form COMMIT. Tob Control 1997;6(suppl 2):S44-S48.

  31. Borland R, Chapman S, Owen N, Hill D: Effects of workplace smoking bans on cigarette consumption. Am J Public Health 1990;80(2):178-180.

  32. Chaloupka FJ, Wechsler H: Price, tobacco control policies and smoking among young adults. J Health Econ 1997;16(3):359-373.

  33. Sargent RP, Shepard RM, Glantz SA. Reduced incidence of admissions for myocardial infarction associated with public smoking ban: before and after study. BMJ 2004;328:977-983.

  34. Bartecchi C, Alsever RN, Nevin-Woods C, Thomas WM, Estacio RO, Bartelson BB, et al. Reduction in the Incidence of Acute Myocardial Infarction Associated With a Citywide Smoking Ordinance. Circulation 2006;114:1490-1496.

  35. Barone-Adesi F, Vizzini L, Merletti F, Richiardi L: Short-term effects of Italian smoking regulation on rates of hospital admission for acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2006;27:2468-2472.

  36. Juster HR, Loomis BR, Hinman TM, Farrelly MC, Hyland A, Bauer UE, et al. Declines in Hospital Admissions for Acute Myocardial Infarction in New York State After Implementation of a Comprehensive Smoking Ban. Am J Public Health 2007;97:2035-2039.

  37. Eisner MD, Smith AK, Blanc PD: Bartenders’ Respiratory Health after Establishment of Smoke-Free Bars and Taverns. JAMA 1998;280:1909-1914.

  38. Menzies D, Nair A, Williamson PA, Schembri S, Al-Khairalla MZH, Barnes M, et al. Respiratory Symptoms, Pulmonary Function, and Markers of Inflammation Among Bar Workers Before and After a Legislative Ban on Smoking in Public Places. JAMA 2006;298:1742-1746.

  39. The World Bank: Curbing the Epidemic. Governments and the Economics of Tobacco Control. Washington DC, 1999.

  40. Kuri-Morales PA, González-Roldán JF, Hoy MJ, Cortés-Ramírez M. Epidemiología del tabaquismo en México. Salud Publica Mex 2006;48(supl 1):S91-S98.

  41. Barrientos-Gutiérrez T, Valdés-Salgado R, Reynales-Shigematsu LM, Navas-Acien A, Lazcano-Ponce. Exposición involuntaria al humo de tabaco en lugares públicos de la Ciudad de México. Salud Publica Mex 2007;49(2):205-212.

  42. Lazcano-Ponce E, Benowitz N, Sánchez-Zamorano LM, Barbosa- Sanchez L, Valdés-Salgado R, Jacob III P, et al. Secondhand smoke exposure in Mexican discotheques. Nicotine Tob Res 2007;9(10):1021-1026.

  43. WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic. The MPOWER package. Geneva, World Health Organization 2008. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/tobacco/mpower/mpower_report_full_2008.pdf [consultado 17 abril 2008].

  44. Sebrie EM, Glantz SA. “Accommodating” smoke-free policies: tobacco industry’s Courtesy of Choice programme in Latin America. Tob Control. 2007;16(5):e6.

  45. Salojee Y, Dagli E: Tobacco industry tactics for resisting public policy on health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2000, 78 (7): 902-910.

  46. World Health Organization Tobacco Free initiative: Building blocks for tobacco control: a handbook. Geneva: WHO, 2004.

  47. The Smoke Free Partnership: Lifting the smokescreen – 10 reasons for a smoke free Europe. Belgium: ERSJ ltd., 2006.

  48. Glantz SA. Effect of smokefree bar law on bar revenues in California. Tob Control 2000; 9:111-112.

  49. Rudin A. Zagat 2004 New York City restaurant survey finds local dining economy in comeback mode; 29361 voters turn out for Zagat’s 25th annual NY guide. Press release, 20 October 2003.

  50. Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids. Zagat restaurant survey provides more evidence that New York City’s smoke-free law is not hurting business. Press release, 21 October 2003.

  51. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. Position Document on Environmental Tobacco Smoke. Approved by ASHRAE Board of Directors June 30, 2005. Disponible en: http://www.ashrae.org/docLib/20058211239_347.pdf [consultado 17 abril 2008].

  52. Decreto del Poder Ejecutivo Nº 168/005 de 31 de mayo de 2005. Decreto que prohíbe fumar en lugares públicos a partir del 1o de marzo de 2006. Montevideo, Uruguay, 2005.

  53. Stillman F, Yang G, Figueiredo V, Hernandez-Avila M, Samet J. Building capacity for tobacco control research and policy. Tob Control 2006;15; 18-23.

  54. Barrientos-Gutiérrez T, Reynales-Shigematsu LM, Avila-Tang E, Wipfli H, Lazcano-Ponce E. Exposición al humo de tabaco en hogares de la Ciudad de México: análisis de nicotina ambiental y en cabello de niños y mujeres. Salud Publica Mex 2007;49(supl 2):S224-S232.

  55. Arillo-Santillan E, Lazcano-Ponce E, Hernandez-Avila M, Fernandez E, Allen B, Valdes R, et al. Association between individual and contextual fators and smoking in 13,293 Mexican students. Am J Prev Med 2005;28(1):41-51.

  56. Campuzano JC, Hernandez-Avila M, Jaakkola MS, Lazcano-Ponce E, Kuri-Morales P, Bautista P, et al. Determinants of salivary cotinine levels among current smokers in Mexico. Nicotine Tob Res 2004;6(6):997-1008.

  57. Blackford A, Yang G, Hernandez-Avila M, Przewozniak K, Zatonski W, Figueiredo V, et al. Cotinine concentration in smokers from different countries: Relationship with amount smoked and cigarette type. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(10):1799-1804.

  58. Wipfli H, Stillman F, Tamplin S, Da Costa e Silva VL, Yach D, Samet JM. Achieving the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control’s potential by investing in national capacity. Tob Control 2004;13;433-437.

  59. Samet J, Wipfli H, Perez-Padilla R, and Yach D. Mexico and the tobacco industry: doing the wrong thing for the right reason? BMJ 2006;332:353-354.

  60. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Best Practices for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs – 2007. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, October 2007.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com