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Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2008, Número S3

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salud publica mex 2008; 50 (S3)


Leyes que prohíben fumar en espacios cerrados en México

Valdés-Salgado R, Ávila-Tang É, Stillman FA, Wipfli H, Samet JM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 60
Paginas: 334-342
Archivo PDF: 176.17 Kb.


RESUMEN

Recientemente México aprobó una ley federal y otra en la capital del país que prohíben fumar en espacios cerrados. Estas medidas legislativas están en plena concordancia con las acciones propuestas en el Artículo 8 del Convenio Marco para el Control del Tabaco de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, que México ratificó en 2004. En este ensayo se revisa la evidencia científica que demuestra que la exposición al humo de tabaco causa enfermedades crónicas y agudas en niños y adultos no fumadores. Toda exposición al humo de tabaco es dañina, por lo tanto sólo la creación de espacios 100% libres de humo de tabaco, tal como lo plantean las nuevas leyes, constituye una intervención efectiva para proteger a la población. Este tipo de medidas se asocian con impactos positivos para la salud, como la reducción de la prevalencia de fumadores y del número de cigarrillos fumados diariamente, así como incremento en las tasas de cesación. En este texto, también proveemos evidencia de disminución de síntomas respiratorios agudos y de hospitalizaciones por infarto agudo del miocardio. Los principales argumentos de la industria tabacalera son desmentidos con ejemplos bien documentados de que no hay pérdidas económicas causadas por este tipo de medidas y de que la prohibición de fumar es aceptada por la población. Con las leyes aprobadas, el control del tabaco en México se ha fortalecido y entre los retos futuros están la implementación, evaluación y vigilancia del cumplimiento de la prohibición, así como otras leyes similares en los estados.


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