medigraphic.com
ISSN 0210-5187 (Electronic)

2008, Number 5

<< Back Next >>

Med Cutan Iber Lat Am 2008; 36 (5)

Lichen planus

Martínez CL, Vilata CJJ

Language: Spanish
References: 80
Page: 223-231
PDF size: 297.28 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Lichen planus is an inflammatory dermatosis of unknown origin that presents in a variety of morphologic patterns like oral lichen planus, annular lichen planus, linear lichen planus or lichen planus pemphigoides. Its classical clinical presentation is characterized by polygonal papules or plaques of violet color. It affects primarily the flexure surface of the wrists, thighs, distal third of lower extremities, abdomen, genitals, nails, and oral mucosa. Its course is generally self-limited for a period of several months to years, but it may last indefinitely. Multiple therapeutic options exist including corticosteroids, retinoids, PUVA, and cyclosporine.


REFERENCES

  1. Wilson E. On Leichen planus. J Cutan Med Dis Skin 1869;3:117-321.

  2. Black MM. Lichen planus and lichenoid disorders.In: champion R, Burton J, Ebling F (eds).Textbook of Dermatology, vol. 3, 5th edn.Oxford: Blackwell Science. 1992;1675-98.

  3. Simon M, Djawari D, Schonberger A. HLA antigens associated with lichen planus. Clin Exp Dermatol 1984;9:433.

  4. Boyd AS, Nedner KH. Lichen Planus. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;25:593-619.

  5. Brice SL, Barr RJ Rattet JP. Childhood lichen planus: A question of therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 1980;3:370-6.

  6. Al-Fouzan AS, Habib MA, Sallam TH, el-Samahy MH, Rostrom AI. Detection of Tlymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets in lichen planus: In situ and in peripheral blood. Int J Dermatol 1996,35:426-9.

  7. Akasu R, From L, Kahn HJ. Lymphocyte and macrophage subsets in active and inactive lesions of lichen planus. Am J Dermatopathol 1993;15:217-23.

  8. Yamamoto T, Osaki T, Yoneda K, Ueta E.Cytokine production by keratinocytes and mononuclear infiltrates in oral lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med 1994;23:309-15.

  9. Groves RW, Ross EL, Barker JN, MacDonald DM. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1: Expression in normal and diseased skin and regulation in vivo by interferon gamma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993;29:67-72.

  10. Haapalinen T, Oksala O, Kallioinen A, Larjava H, Salo T. Destruction of the epithelial anchorin system in lichen planus. J Invest Dermatol 1995;105:100-3.

  11. Smoller BR, Glusac EJ. Immunofluorescent analysis of the basement membrane zone in lichen planus suggests destruction of the lamina lucida in bullous lesions. J Cutan Pathol 1994;21:123- 8.

  12. Schofield JK, De Berker D, Milligan A. Keratin expression in cutaneous lichen planus. Histopathology 1995;26:153-8.

  13. Fah J, Pavlovic J, Burg G. Expression of MxA protein in inflammatory dermatoses. J Histochem Cytochem1995;43:47-52.

  14. Lin S-C, Sumn A, Wu Y-C, Chiang C-P. Presence of anti-basal cell antibodies in oral lichen planus. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991; 26:943-7.

  15. Weedon D. The lichenoid tissue reaction. Int J Dermatol 1982;21:203-6.

  16. Oliver GF, Winklemann RK, Muller SA.Lichenoid dermatitis: A clinicopathologic review of sixty-two cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21:284-92.

  17. Nayar M, Schomberg K, Dawber RP, Millard PR. A clinicopathological study of scarring alopecia. Br J Dermatol 1993;128:533-6.

  18. Matta M, Kibbi A-G, Khattar J, salman SM,Zaynoun ST. Lichen planopilaris: A clinicopathologic study. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990;22:594-8.

  19. Halvey S, Shai A. Lichenoid drug eruptions. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993; 29:249-55.

  20. Goldberg LJ, Goldberg N, Abrahams I, Silvers DN, Szaniawski W, Halperin AJ. Giant cell lichenoid dermatitis: A possible manifestation of sarcoidosis. J Cutan Pathol 1994; 21:47-51.

  21. Saxena AK, Nigam PK. Unilateral lichen planus.Cutis 1988;42:142-3.

  22. Tan E, Malik R, Quirk CJ. Hypertrophic lichen planus mimicking squamous cell carcinoma.Australas J Dermatol 1998;39: 45-7.

  23. Tosti A, Peluso AM, Fanti PA, Piraccini BM.Nail lichen planus: clinical and pathologic study of twenty four patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;28:724-30.

  24. Eisen D. The clinical features, malignant potential, and systemic associations of oral lichen planus: a study of 723 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;46:207-14.

  25. Scully G, El-Kom M. Lichen planus: Review and update on pathogenesis. J Oral Pathol 1985;14:431-58.

  26. Allan SJ, Buxton PK. Isolated lichen planus of the lip. Br J Dermatol 1996;135:145-6.

  27. Mollaoglu N. Oral lichen planus: a review. BrJ Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;38:370-377.

  28. Scully C, Carrozzo M. Oral mucosal disease:Lichen planus. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg2008;46:15-21.

  29. Bricker SL. Oral lichen planus: A review.Semin Dermatol 1994;13:87-90.

  30. Pang BK, Freeman S. Oral lichenoid lesions caused by allergy to mercury in amalgam fillings. Contact dermatitis 1995;33:423-7.

  31. Ibbotson SH, Speight EL, Macleod RI, Smart ER, Lawrence CM.The relevance and effect of amalgam replacement in subjects with oral lichenoid reactions. Br J Dermatol 1996;134:420-3.

  32. Burkhart NW, Burker EJ, Burkes EJ, Wolfe I.Assessing the characteristics of patients with oral lichen planus. J Am Dent Assoc 1996;127:648, 651-2, 655-6.

  33. Barnette DJ Jr, Curtin TJ, Yeager JK, Corbett DW. Asymptomatic penile lesions. Cutis 1993;51:116.

  34. Lewis FM, Shah M, Harrington CI. Vulval involvement in lichen planus: A study of 37 women. Br J Dermatol 1996;135:89-91.

  35. Moyal-Barracco M, Edwards L. Diagnosis and therapy of anogenital lichen planus. Dermatol Ther 2004;17:38-46.

  36. Edwards L. Desquamative vulvitis. Dermatol Clin 1992;10:325-7.

  37. Chieregato C, Zini A, Barba A, Magnanini M,Rosina P. Lichen planopilaris: report of 30 cases and review of the literature. In J Dermatol 2003;42:342-5.

  38. Cevasco NC, Bergfeld WF, Remzi BK, de Knott HR. A case-series of 29 patients with lichen planopilaris: the Cleveland Clinic Foundation experience on evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;57:47-53.

  39. Dammak A, Masmoudi A, Boudaya S. Bouassida S, Marrekchi S, Turki H. Lichen plan actinique de l´enfant (à propos de 6cas). Archives de Pédiatrie 2007;30;1-4.

  40. Reich HL, Nguyen JT, James WD. Annular lichen planus: a case series of 20 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;50:595-9.

  41. Hsu S, Ghohestani RF, Uitto J. Lichen planus pemphigoides with IgG autoantibodies to the 180 kd bullous pemphigoid antigen (type XVII collagen). J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;42:136-41.

  42. Bouloc A, Vignon-Pennamen MD, Caux F,Teillac D, Wechsler J, Heller M, Lebbé C, Flageul B, et al. Lichen planus pemphigoides is a heterogeneous disease: a report of five cases. Br J Dermatol 1998;138:972-80.

  43. Davis A, Wojnarowska F, Brugal B. Lichen planus pemphigoides and its relationship to bullous pemphigoid. Br J Dermatol 1989; 120:296.

  44. Joshi RK, Atukorala DN, Abanmi Al Awadi T.Lichen planus pemphigoides. Is it a separate entity? Br J Dermatol 1994;130:537.

  45. Kuramoto N, Kishimoto S, Shibagaki R, Yasuno H. PUVA-induced lichen planus pemphigoides.Br J Dermatol 2000;142:509-12.

  46. Cram DL, Kierland RR, Winkelemann RK.Ulcerative lichen planus of the feet. Arch Dermatol 1966;93:692-701.

  47. Sonnex TS, eady RA, Sparrow GP, Mayou B.Ulcerative lichen planus associated with webbing of the toes. J R Soc Med 1986;79: 363-5.

  48. Micalicci C, Tagliapietra G, farris A. Ulcerative lichen planus of the sole with rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Dermatol 1998;37:862-3.

  49. Zijdenbos LM, Starink TM, Spronk CA. Ulcerative lichen planus with associated sicca syndrome and good therapeutic result of skin grafting. J Am Acad Dermatol 1985;13:667-8.

  50. Parodi A, Ciulla P, Rebora A. An old lady with scarring alopecia and an ulcerated sole.Arch Dermatol 1991;127:407-10.

  51. Sassolas B, zagnoli A, Leroy JP, Guillet G.Lichen planus pigmentosus associated with acrokeratosis of Bazex. Clin Exp Dermatol 1994;19:70-3.

  52. Mahood JM. Familial lichen planus. Arch Dermatol 1983;119:292-4.

  53. Nagao K, Chen KR. A case of lupus erythematous/ lichen planus overlap syndrome.Journal of Dermatology 2006;3:187-190.

  54. Ínalöz HS, Chowdhury MMU, Montley RJ.Lupus erythematous/lichen planus overlap syndrome with scarring alopecia. JEADV 2001;15:171-4.

  55. Kabbash C, Laude TA, Weinberg JM, Silverberg NB. Lichen planus in the lines of Blaschko. Pediatr Dermatol 2002;19:541-5.

  56. Gawkrodger DJ, Stephenson TJ, Thomas SE.Squamous cell carcinoma complicating lichen planus: A clinico-pathological study of three cases. Dermatology 1994;188:36-9.

  57. Marder MZ, Deesen KC. Transformation of oral lichen planus to squamous cell carcinoma:A literature review and report of a case. J Am Dent Assoc 1982;105:55-60.

  58. Franck JM, Young AW Jr. squamous cell carcinoma in situ arising within lichen planus of the vulva. Dermatol Surg 1995;21:890-4.

  59. Daoud MS, Gibson LE, daoud S, el-Azhary RA. Chronic hepatitis C and skin diseases: A review. Mayo Clin Proc 1995;70:559-64.

  60. Sánchez-Pérez J, De-castro M, Buezo GF, Fernandez-Herrera J, Borque MJ, García-Díez A . lichen planus and hepatitis C virus: prevalence and clinical presentation of patients with lichen planus and hepatitis C infection. Br J Dermatol 1996;134:715-9.

  61. Lodi G, Giulani M, Majorana A. Lichen planus and hepatitis C virus: a multicentre study of patients with oral lesions and systematic review. Br J Dermatol 2004;151:1172-81.

  62. Carrozzo M, Brancatello F, Dameto E. Hepatitis C virus-associated oral lichen planus: is the geographical hetereogeneity related to HLADR6? J Oral Pathol Med 2005;34:204-8.

  63. Trevisan G, Stinco G. Lichen ruber planus following HBV vaccination. Acta Derm Venereol 1993;73:73.

  64. Miteva L. Bullous lichen planus with nail involvement induced by hepatitis B vaccine in a child. Int J Dermatol 2005;44:142-4.

  65. Powell FC, Rogers RS, Dickson ER. Primary biliary cirrhosis and lichen planus. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983;9:540-5.

  66. Seyhan M, Ozcan H, Sahin I, Bayram N, Karincaog˘ lu Y. High prevalence of glucose metabolism disturbance in patients with lichen planus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007;77:198-202.

  67. Giustina TA, Stewart JC, Ellis CN. Topical isotretinoin gel improves oral lichen planus. A double blind study. Arch Dermatol 1986;122:534-6.

  68. Eisen D. Hydroxychloroquine sulphate (Plaquenil) improves oral lichen planus: An open trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995;28:609-12.

  69. Borrego L, Ruiz-Rodríguez R, Ortiz de Frutos J, Vanaclocha SF, Iglesias-Diez L. Vulvar lichen planus treated with topical cyclosporine. Arch Dermatol 1993;129:6:794.

  70. Porter SR, Scully C, Eveson JW. The efficacy of topical cyclosporine in the management of desquamative gingivitis due to liche planus. Br J Dermatol 1993;129:753-5.

  71. Lear JT, English JS. Erosive and generalized lichen planus responsive to azathiaprine. Clin Exp Dermatol 1996;21:56-7.

  72. Kato N, Ueno H. Isolated lichen planus of the nails treated with etretinate. J Dermatol 1993;20:577-80.

  73. Kerscher M, Volkenandt M, lehmann P, PlewigG, Rocken M. PUVA-bath photochemotherapy of lichen planus. Arch Dermatol 1995;131: 1210-1.

  74. Zakrzewska JM, Chan ES, Thoernhill MH. A systemic review of placebo-controlled ran-domized clinical trials of treatments used in oral lichen planus. Br J Dermatol 2005;153: 336-41.

  75. Kumar V, Garg BR, Baruah MC, Vasireddi SS. Chilhood lichen planus. J Dermatol 1993;20:175-7.

  76. Hildebrand A, Kolde G, luger TA, Scwarz T.Successful treatment of generalized lichen planus with recombinant interferon a2b. JAm Acad Dermatol 1995;33:880-3.

  77. Fivenson DP, Mathes B. Treatment of generalized lichen planus with alefacept. Arch Dermatol 2006;142:151-2.

  78. Böhm M, Luger TA. Lichen planus responding to efalizumab. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;56(5 Supl.):S92-3.

  79. Tsuboi H, Katsuoka K. Ulcerative lichen planus associated with Sjögren’s syndrome.J Dermatol 2007;34:131-4.

  80. Marshman G. Lichen planus. Australas J Dermatol 1998;39:1-13.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com