medigraphic.com
Anales de la Sociedad Mexicana de Oftalmología y Archivos de la Asociación Para Evitar la Ceguera en México

2003, Number 3

<< Back Next >>

Rev Mex Oftalmol 2003; 77 (3)

Maculopatía relacionada con la edad. Conceptos actuales, terapéutica y rehabilitación visual

Prado-Serrano A, Robles-Bringas A

Language: Spanish
References: 75
Page: 94-104
PDF size: 676.22 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Age related macular degeneration is the leading cause of severe visual loss among the elderly. In this condition, central vision is lost, but peripheral vision almost always remains intact. The disease can be classified into atrophic and exudative forms and the diagnosis is based on symptoms, ophthalmoscopic findings and fluorescein angiography to help determine whether a patient has the atrophic or exudative form of the disease. The two currently proven treatments are laser photocoagulation and photodynamic therapy, but these measures are effective in only a small fraction of eyes with the exudative form of the disease. Visual rehabilitation can help patients maximize their remaining vision and adapt so that they can perform activities of daily living


REFERENCES

  1. Tielsch, J.: Vision problems in the US: a report on blindness and vision impairment in adults age 40 and older. En: Prevent blindness America. Schaumburg, Prevent Blindness America, 1994.

  2. Evans, J.; Wormald, R.: Is the incidence registrable age-related macular degeneration increasing? Br J Ophthalmol, 1996; 80:9-14.

  3. Gass, J.: Stereoscopic atlas of macular diseases: diagnosis and treatment. 4a ed. St Louis, Mosby, 1997.

  4. Bird, A.; Bressler, N.; Bressler, S. y cols.: An international classification and grading system for age-related maculopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol, 1995; 39:367-374.

  5. Bresser, N.; Silva, J.; Bresser, S. y cols.: Clinicopathological correlation of drusen and retinal pigment epithelial abnormalities in age-related macular degeneration. Retina, 1994; 14:130-142.

  6. Klein, R.; Klein, B.; Linton, K.: Prevalence of age-related maculopathy: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology, 1992; 99:933-945.

  7. Klein, R.; Klein, B.; Jensen, S. y cols.: The five year incidence and progression of age-related maculopathy: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology, 1997; 104:7-21.

  8. Sunness, J.; Rubin, G.; Applegate, C. y cols.: Visual function abnormalities and prognosis in eyes with age-related geographic atrophy of the macula and good visual acuity. Ophthalmology, 1997; 104:1677-1691.

  9. Steinmetz, R.; Haimovici, R.; Jubb, C. y cols.: Symptomatic abnormalities of dark adaptation in patientes with age-related Bruch’s membrane change. Br J Ophthalmology, 1993; 77:549-754.

  10. Bressler, N.; Bressler, S.; Fine, S.: Age related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol, 1988; 32:375-413.

  11. Ferris, F.: Senile macular degeneration: Review of epidemiologic features. Am J Epidemiol, 1983; 118:132-151

  12. Leibowitz, H.; Krueger, D.; Maunder, L. y cols.: The Framingham Eye Study monograph: an ophthalmological and epidemiological study of cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration and visual acuity in a general popullation of 2631 adults, 1973-1975. Surv Ophthalmol, 1980; 24:(Suppl):335-610.

  13. Hyman, L.; Lilienfeld, A.; Ferris, F.: Senile macular degeneration: A case control study. Am J Epidemiol, 1983; 118:213-227.

  14. Goldberg, J.; Flowerdew, G.; Smith, E. y cols.: Factors associated with age related macular degeneration: an analysis of data from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Epidemiol, 1988; 128:700-710.

  15. The Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group.: Risk factors for neovascular age related macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol, 1992; 110:1701-1708.

  16. Mitchel, P.; Smith, W.; Attebo, K. y cols.: Prevalence of agerelated maculopathy in Australia: the blue mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology, 1995; 102:1450-1460.

  17. Vingerling, J.; Dielemans, I.; Hofman, A. y cols.: The prevalence of age-related maculopathy in Rotterdam Study. Ophthalmology, 1995; 102:205-210.

  18. Seddom, J.; Ajani, U.; Mitchell, B.: Familial aggregation of age-related maculopathy. Am J Ophthalmol, 1997; 123:199-206.

  19. Seddom, J.; Willet, W.; Speicer, F. y cols.: A prospective study of cigarrette smoking and age-related macular degeneration in women. JAMA, 1996; 276:1141-1146.

  20. Chisten, W.; Glynn, R.; Manson, J. y cols.: A prospective study of cigarette smoking and risk of age-related macular degeneration in men. JAMA, 1996; 276:1147-1151.

  21. Klein, R.; Klein, B.; Moss, S.: Relation of smoking to the incidence of age-related maculopathy; the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am J Epidemiol, 1998; 147:103-110.

  22. Newsome, D.; Swartz, M.; Leone, M. y cols.: Zinc in macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol, 1988; 106:192-198.

  23. Vanden-Langerberg, G.; Mares-Perlman, J.; Klein, R. y cols.: Associations between antioxidant and zinc intake and the 5-year incidence of early age-related maculopathy in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am J Epidemiol, 1998; 148:204-214.

  24. Sommer, A.; Tielsh, J.; Katz, J. y cols.: Racial differences in the cause-specific prevalence of blindnessin East Baltimore. N Engl J Med, 1991; 325:1412-1417.

  25. Klein, R.; Rowland, M.; Harris, M.: Racial/ethnic differences in age related maculopathy: Third National Health and Nutrition Survey. Ophthalmology, 1995; 102:371-381.

  26. Cruickshanks, K.; Klein, R.; Klein, B.: Sunlight and age-related macular degeneration: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol, 1993; 111:514-518.

  27. Clinical Trial supported by the National Eye Institute. Bethesda, Md.: National Institutes of Health, 1993 (NIH publication no. 93-2910).

  28. Holz, F.; Wolfensenberger, T.; Piguet, B. y cols.: Bilateral macular drusen in age-related macular degeneration: prognosis and risk factors. Ophthalmology, 1994; 101:1522-1528.

  29. Fine, A.; Elman, M.; Ebert, J. y cols.: Earliest symptoms caused by neovascular membranes in the macula. Arch Ophthalmol, 1986; 104:513-514.

  30. Maguire, M.: Natural history. En: Berger, J.; Fine, S.; Maguire, M. (eds). Age-related macular degeneration. St. Louis, Mosby, 1999:17-30.

  31. Macular Photocoagulation Study Group. Risk factors for choroidal neovascularization in the second eye of patients with yuxtafoveal or subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secundary to age-related macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol, 1997; 115:741-747.

  32. Macular Photocoagulation Study Group. Argon laser photocoagulation for neovascular maculopathy: five years results from randomized clinical trials. Arch Ophthalmol, 1991; 109:1109-1114.

  33. Macular Photocoagulation Study Group. Laser photocoagulation for juxtafoveal choroidal neovascularization: Five-year results from randomized clinical trials. Arch Ophthalmol, 1994;,112:500-509.

  34. Macular Photocoagulation Study Group. Laser photocoagulation for subfoveal neovascular lesions of age-related macular degeneration: updated findings from two clinical trials. Arch Ophthalmol, 1993; 111:1200-1209.

  35. Macular Photocoagulation Study Group. Visual outcome after laser photocoagulation for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secundary to age-related macular degeneration: the influence of initial lesion size and initial acuity. Arch Ophthalmol, 1994; 112:240-248.

  36. Miller J, Walsh A, Kramer M, y cols. Photodynamic therapy of experimental choroidal neovascularization using lipoproteindelivered benzoporphyrin. Arch Opthalmol, 1995; 113:810-818.

  37. Treatment of age-related macular degeneration with photodynamic therapy (TAP) study group. Photodynamic therapy of subfoveal-choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration with verteporfin: one-year results of two randomized clinical trials -TAP report. Arch Ophthalmol, 1999; 117:1329-1345.

  38. Pharmacological Therapy for Macular Degeneration Study Group. Interferon alfa–2a is innefective for patients with choroidal neovascularization secundary to age-related macular degeneration: results of prospective randomized clinical trial. Arch Ophthalmol, 1997; 115:865-872.

  39. Bressler, N.: Submacular surgery: are randomized trials necessary? Arch Ophthalmol, 1995; 113:1557-1560.

  40. Charkravarthy, U.; Houston, R.; Archer, D.: Treatment of agerelated sub foveal neovascular membranes by teletherapy: a pilot study. Br J Ophthalmol, 1993; 77:265-273.

  41. Bergink, G.; Hoyng, C.; van der Maazen, R. y cols.: A randomized controlled clinical trial of the effiacacy of radiation therapy in the control of sub foveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration: radiation vs observation. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 1998; 236:321-325.

  42. D’Amato, R.; Lougnan, M.; Flynn, E. y cols.: Thalidomide is an inhibitor of angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 1994; 91:4082-4085.

  43. Bischoff, P.; Flower, R.: Ten years experience with choroidal angiography using indocyanine green dye: a new routine examination or and epilogue? Doc Ophthalmol, 1985; 60:235-691.

  44. Regillo, C.; Benson, W.; Maguire, J. y cols.: Indocyanine green angiography and occult choroidal neovascularization. Ophthalmology, 1994; 101:280-288.

  45. Slakter, J.; Yannuzzi, L.; Guyer, D. y cols.: A pilot study of indocyanine green videoangiography-guided laser photocoagulation of occult choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol, 1994; 112:465-472.

  46. Kaplan, H.; Tezel, T.; Berger, A. y cols.: Human photoreceptor transplantation in retinitis pigmentosa: a safety study. Arch Ophthalmol, 1997; 115:1168-1172.

  47. Machemer, R.; Steinhorst, U.: Retinal separation, retinotomy and macular relocation. Experimental studies in the rabbit eye. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Opthalmol, 1993; 231:629-634.

  48. De Juan, E.; Lowestein, A.; Bressler, N.: Translocation of the retina for management of sub foveal choroidal neovascularization. A preliminary report in humans. Am J Ophthalmol, 1998; 125:635-646.

  49. Rizzo, J.; Wyatt, J.: Prospects for visual prosthesis. Neuroscientist, 1997; 3:251-256.

  50. Humayun, M.; de Juan, E.; Dagnilie, G. y cols.: Visual perception elicited by electrical stimulation of retina in blind humans. Arch Ophthalmol, 1996; 114:40-46.

  51. Allikments, R.; Shroyer, N.; Singh, N. y cols.: Mutation of the Stargardt disease gene (ABCR) in age-related macular degeneration. Science, 1997; 277:1805-1807.

  52. ABCR gene and age-related macular degeneration. Science, 1998; 279:1107.

  53. Stone, E.; Lotery, J.; Munier, F.: A single EFEMP1 mutation associated with both Malattia Levetinese and Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy. Nat Genet, 1999; 22:199-202.

  54. Bennet, J.; Maguire, A.: Gene therapy. En: Berger, J.W.; Fine, S.L.; Maguirre, M.G. (eds.). Age related macular degeneration. St. Louis, :Mosby, 1999: 395-412.

  55. Steinberg, J.: Principles of low vision rehabilitation. En: Berger, J.W.; Fine, S.L.; Maguire, M.G. (eds.). Age-related macular degeneration. St. Louis, Mosby, 1999:433-42.

  56. Lanchoney, D.M.; ,Maguirre, M.; Fine, S.L.: A model of the incidence and consecuences of choroidal neovascularization secundary to age-related maculopathy: comparative effects of current treatment and potential prophylaxis on visual outcomes in high-risk patients. Arch Ophthalmol, 1998; 116:1045-1052.

  57. Choroidal neovascularization Prevention Trial Research Group.: Laser treatment in eyes with large drusen: short term effects seen in a pilot randomized clinical trial. Ophthalmology, 1998; 105:11-23.

  58. Little, H.; Showman, J.; Brown, B.: A pilot randomized controlled study on the effect of laser photocoagulation of confluent soft macular drusen. Ophthalmology, 1997; 104:623-631.

  59. Figueroa, M.; Regueras, A.; Bertrand, J.: Laser photocoagulation to treat macular soft drusen in age-related macular degeneration. Retina, 1994; 14:391-396.

  60. Frenneson, C.; Nilsson, S.: Prophylactic laser treatment in early age-related maculopathy reduced the incidence of exudative complications. Br J Ophthalmol, 1998; 82:1169-1174.

  61. Ho, A.; Maguirre, M.; Yoken, J.: Laser-induced drusen reduction improves visual function at 1 year. Ophthalmology, 1999; 106:1367-1374.

  62. Seldom, J.; Ajani, U.; Sperduto, R. y cols.: Dietary carotenoids, vitamins A, C and E, and advanced age-related macular degeneration. JAMA, 1994; 272:1413-1420.

  63. Sperduto, R.; Ferris, F.; Kurinij, N.: Do we have a nutritional treatment for age-related cataract or macular or macular degeneration? Arch Ophthalmol, 1990; 108:1403-1405.

  64. Williams, R.; Brody, B.; Thomas, R. y cols.: The psychosocial impact of macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol, 1998; 116:514-520.

  65. Fryback, D.; Dasbach, E.; Klein, R. y cols.: The Beaver Dam Health Outcomes study: initial catalog of health-state quality factors. Med Decis Making, 1993; 13:89-102.

  66. Davis, C.; Lovie-Kitchin, J.; Thompson, B.: Psychosocial adjustment to age- related macular degeneration. J Vis Impair Blind, 1995; 89:16-27.

  67. Alexander, M.; Maguire, M.; Lietman, T. y cols.: Assesment of visual function in patients with age-related macular degeneration and low visual acuity. Arch Ophthalmol, 1988; 106:1543-1547.

  68. Faye, E.: Importancia de la historia clínica. En: Faye, E.: El enfermo con déficit visual. Experiencia clínica con adultos y niños.

  69. Brown, B.: History taking. En: Eye care specialists, P.C. The low vision handbook. Norwood, Slack Incorporated, 1997. p.47-55.

  70. Faye, E.: El enfermo con déficit visual. Experiencia clínica en adultos y niños. Barcelona. Ed. Científico Médica, 1972.

  71. Colenblader, A.; Fletcher, D.: Low vision and vision rehabilitation. Ophthalmology clinics of North America, 1994; 7:2.

  72. Fonda, G.: Management of low vision. New York, Thieme-Straton Inc., 1981.

  73. Gurovich, L.: Baja Visión. Buenos Aires, 2001.

  74. Rosenthal, B.; Cole, R.: Functional assessment of low vision. New York, Mosby, 1996.

  75. Cole, R.; Rosenthal, B.: Remediation and management of low vision. New York, Mosby, 1996.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com