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ISSN 1665-3254 (Print)
Revista Oficial de la Universidad Biomédica Rafael Guízar y Valencia A. C.

2003, Number 2

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Plasticidad y Restauración Neurológica 2003; 2 (2)

It´s possible the brain restoration? Biological mechanism of brain plasticity

Aguilar RF

Language: Spanish
References: 76
Page: 143-152
PDF size: 182.15 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Evidence of functional recovery after brain damage is known empirically since many centuries ago. The neuronal plasticity can refers to the adaptative adjustments of the central nervous system (CNS) and the brain capacity to diminish the effects of the lesions by mean of to modify structural and functional changes in its internal or external milieu. Knowledge of the neural bases of function and dysfunction facilitates and understanding of the cognitive, behavioral, motor and sensory changes encountered in the brain damaged patient, that permitted leading to the development of effective rehabilitation procedures, and adequate environmental and psychosocial factors. The pathological process of the CNS affecting the corticospinal and the subcorticospinal tracts, beside cerebellar, spinal, visual, language another system, however, trough the brain plasticity have ability to modify its own structural organization and functioning. The end of the 20th century promises to introduce important insights into the mechanism of secondary neuronal damage, and de same time we are able to understand this can we reverse the process of the cell death. The new technology to permit evaluation of the validity and reliability of outcome measures, for in-vivo study of brain structure and physiologic functions, such studies are computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, single photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography, electroencephalography, transcranial magnetic stimulation. In this article mentioned the postulate mechanisms of reorganization of function such as unmasking, the development of extra synaptic receptors, sprouting, trophy factors, synapsins, neurotransmitters, diaschisis and the regeneration of nerve fibers and cells. The clinical manifestation of brain plasticity are observed mainly after prenatal, neonatal, or childhood cerebral damage. In the adulthood neuronal plasticity is less comparative children, nevertheless these plastic changes may be found and any age, and functional gains continue by year after the lesion. The expression of neural plasticity and the capacity of neurons to change their function, chemical profile, or structure are the new conceptual framework for the contribution in the brain restoration.


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