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2007, Number 5

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Gac Med Mex 2007; 143 (5)

I. El óxido nítrico en medicina

Durazo-Quiroz F

Language: Spanish
References: 34
Page: 401-405
PDF size: 487.31 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Considered by chemists and environmentalists as a toxic molecule up to 1980, nitric oxide (NO) is essential for a wide range of biological activities. Its first therapeutic action goes back to the late 19th century. In the early 20th century the endogenous production of nitrates was reported, and researchers noticed that patients with fever and diarrhea had excessive nitrate excretion. In 1950, Robert Furchgott described a second messenger, responsible for vasodilation: the endothelium-derived relaxation factor (EDRF), which at the time was unable to identify.The research that led to the identification of EDRF -as NO was undertaken independently by three American pharmacologists: Louis Ignarro, Robert Furchgott and Ferid Murad, awarded the Medicine and Physiology Nobel Prize in 1998. NO is synthesized from the oxidation of L-arginine through the action of nitric oxide synthesis (NOS). NO migrates to target cells and activates soluble guanilate cyclase for the synthesis of cyclic GMP, which acts as an intracellular second messenger. Itsaction ends when cGMP is inactivated by phosphodiesterase and the relaxing action stops. NO spreads through membranes without the need for a specific receptor. Its functions were initially identified in endothelia, neurons and macrophages but have been extended when its role in multiple physiological and pathological actions was proven.


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