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2004, Number 4

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Rev Endocrinol Nutr 2004; 12 (4)

Regulatory mechanisms of the food intake Finally a treatment?

Malacara HJM

Language: Spanish
References: 77
Page: 188-198
PDF size: 129.54 Kb.


ABSTRACT

The regulation of food intake has profound implications for obesity, anorexia and related clinical conditions. This control is modulated by changes in energy, body weight, as well as gastrointestinal, sensorial, hedonic and conditionated signals. The central regulation is considered to be a dual hypothalamic appetite - satiety center, involving diverse nuclei, with the participation of other regions located at the brain stem. Multiple neurotransmitters participate in this function. The main orexigenics are neuropeptide Y and the Agouti related protein. For appetite suppression, propiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART), are the main agents. The most well known peripheral signals are, leptin and ghrelin. Leptin is produced by the adipose tissue and is considered as a long term satiety signal. In recent years the role of Leptin has emerged like peripheral regulator of metabolism, it stimulates fat consumption and fat removal of liver and muscle, and protects them from lipotoxicity. Ghrelin was found in the search of a growth hormone - releasing substance. However, its main site of production is the stomach. It increases in fast and decreases with food intake. Ghrelin has also peripheral actions, as it enhances glucose consumption, and is probably associated with insulin action. Other peripheral hormones modify the appetite - satiety signal such as the insulin, peptide Y3-36, and some other gastrointestinal hormones. There are also important central metabolic signals in the system, among them lipid metabolites and the AMPc sensible protein kinase, considered by some authors as the master sensor of energetic consumption. Based on the above knowledge, the perspectives for a more effective pharmacologic intervention in food intake are expected for the near future.


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