medigraphic.com
Academia Mexicana de Neurología, A.C.

2006, Number 1

<< Back Next >>

Rev Mex Neuroci 2006; 7 (1)

Current events on transient ischemic attacks I. Diagnosis and treatment

Fernández CO

Language: Spanish
References: 43
Page: 39-45
PDF size: 69.40 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Last decade advances in the past century and in the first years of the XXI century have led to reconsider some aspects connected with the transient ischemic attacks (TIA). It is a common practice for clinicians in cerebrovascular disease to disagree with the arbitrary time concept of 24 hours assigned to the TIA by definition, to face up patients with sharp and transient focal deficits of just few hours of duration. It has been somewhat common to evidence lesions lately through neuroimage studies but we could not define whether it was dealing with chronic lesions or lesions related to the event we were taking care of. Fortunately, in the last years significant studies have been made to clear out aspects associated with the epidemiology of the TIA.


REFERENCES

  1. Fisher CM. Intermittent cerebral ischemia. In: Wright IS, Millikan CH, eds. Cerebral vascular disease. New York: Grune & Stratton; 1958, pp. 81-97.

  2. Mohr JP. Historical perspective. Neurology 2004; 62: S3-6.

  3. Acheson J, Hutchinson EC. Observations on the natural history of transient cerebral ischaemia. Lancet 1964; 2: 871-4.

  4. Marshall J. The natural history of transient ischaemic cerebrovascular attacks. Q J Med 1964; 33: 309-24.

  5. Ad Hoc Committee on Cerebrovascular Disease. A classification and outline of cerebrovascular diseases. II. Stroke 1975; 6: 564-616.

  6. Harrison MJ, Marshall J, Thomas DJ. Relevance of duration of transient ischaemic attacks in carotid territory. BMJ 1978; 1: 1578-9.

  7. Waxman SG, Toole JF. Temporal profile resembling TIA in the setting of cerebral infarction. Stroke 1983; 14: 433-7.

  8. Bogousslavsky J, Regli F. Cerebral infarct in apparent transient ischemic attack. Neurology 1985; 35: 1501-3.

  9. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke ad hoc Committee. Classification of cerebrovascular diseases III. Stroke 1990; 21: 637-76.

  10. Dennis M, Bamford J, Sandercock P, Molyneux A, Warlow C. Computed tomography in patients with transient ischaemic attacks: when is a transient ischaemic attack not a transient ischaemic attack but a stroke? J Neurol 1990; 237: 257-61.

  11. Koudstaal PJ, van Gijn J, Frenken CW, Hijdra A, Lodder J, Vermeulen M, et al. TIA, RIND, minor stroke: a continuum, or different subgroups? Dutch TIA Study Group. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992; 55: 95-7.

  12. Evans GW, Howard G, Murros KE, Rose LA, Toole JF. Cerebral infarction verified by cranial computed tomography and prognosis for survival following transient ischemic attack. Stroke 1991; 22: 431-6.

  13. Awad I, Modic M, Little JR, Furlan AJ, Weinstein M. Focal parenchymal lesions in transient ischemic attacks: correlation of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Stroke 1986; 17: 399-403.

  14. Davalos A, Matias-Guiu J, Torrent O, Vilaseca J, Codina A. Computed tomography in reversible ischaemic attacks: clinical and prognostic correlations in a prospective study. J Neurol 1988; 235: 155-8.

  15. Fazekas F, Fazekas G, Schmidt R, Kapeller P, Offenbacher H. Magnetic resonance imaging correlates of transient cerebral ischemic attacks. Stroke 1996; 27: 607-11.

  16. Kimura K, Minematsu K, Wada K, Yonemura K, Yasaka M, Yamaguchi T. Lesions visualized by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in transient ischemic attacks. J Neurol Sci 2000; 173: 103-8.

  17. Marks MP, de Crespigny A, Lentz D, Enzmann DR, Albers GW, Moseley ME. Acute and chronic stroke: navigated spin-echo diffusion-weighted MR imaging. Radiology 1996; 199: 403-8.

  18. Lovblad K, Laubach H, Baird A, Curtin F, Schlaug G, Edelman RR, et al. Clinical experience with diffusion-weighted MR in patients with acute stroke. Am J Neuroradiol 1998; 19: 1061-6.

  19. Kidwell CS, Alger JR, Di Salle F, Starkman S, Villablanca P, Bentson J, et al. Diffusion MRI in patients with transient ischemic attacks. Stroke 1999; 30: 1174-80.

  20. Engelter ST, Provenzale JM, Petrella JR, Albers MJ. Diffusion MR imaging and transient ischemic attacks. Stroke 2001; 32: 2762-3.

  21. Takayama H, Mihara B, Kobayashi M, Hozumi A, Sadanaga H, Gomi S. Usefulness of diffusion-weighted MRI in the diagnosis of transient ischemic attacks. No To Shinkei 2000; 52(10): 919-23.

  22. Bisschops RH, Kappelle LJ, Mali WP, van der Grond J. Hemodynamic and metabolic changes in transient ischemic attack patients: a magnetic resonance angiography and magnetic resonance spectroscopy study performed within 3 days of onset of a transient ischemic attack. Stroke 2002; 33(1): 110-5.

  23. Ay H, Oliveira-Filho J, Buonanno FS, Schaefer PW, Furie KL, Chang YC, et al. “Footprints” of transient ischemic attacks: a diffusion-weighted MRI study. Cerebrovasc Dis 2002; 14(3-4): 177-86.

  24. Rovira A, Rovira-Gols A, Pedraza S, Grive E , Molina C, Alvarez-Sabín J. Diffusion-Weighted MR. Imaging in the acute phase of transient ischemic attacks. Am J Neuroradiol 2002; 23: 77-83.

  25. Kamal AK, Segal AZ, Ulug AM. Quantitative diffusion-weighted MR imaging in transient ischemic attacks. Am J Neuroradiol 2002; 23: 1533-8.

  26. Crisostomo RA, Garcia MM, Tong DC. Detection of diffusion-weighted MRI abnormalities in patients with transient ischemic attack. Correlation With Clinical Characteristics. Stroke 2003; 34: 932-7.

  27. Inatomi Y, Kimura K, Yonehara T, Fujioka S, Uchino M. DWI abnormalities and clinical characteristics in TIA patients. Neurology 2004; 65(3): 376-81.

  28. Winbeck K, Bruckmaier K, Etgen T, von Einsiedel HG, Rottinger M, Sander D. Transient ischemic attack and stroke can be differentiated by analyzing early diffusion-weighted imaging signal intensity changes. Stroke 2004; 35(5): 1095-9.

  29. Easton JD, Albers GW, Caplan LR, Saver JL, Sherman DG, for the TIA Working Group. Reconsideration of TIA terminology and definitions. Neurology 2004; 62: S29-34.

  30. Urakami K, Igo M, Takahashi K. An epidemiologic study of cerebrovascular disease in western Japan: with special reference to transient ischemic attacks. Stroke 1987; 18: 396-401.

  31. Ostfeld AM, Shekelle RB, Klawans HL. Transient ischemic attacks and risk of stroke in an elderly poor population. Stroke 1973; 4: 980-6.

  32. Toole JF, Lefkowitz DS, Chambless LE, Wijnberg L, Paton CC, Heiss G. Self-reported transient ischemic attack and stroke symptoms: methods and baseline prevalence. The ARIC Study, 1987-1989. Am J Epidemiol 1996; 144: 849-56.

  33. Johnston SC, Fayad PB, Gorelick PB, Hanley DF, Shwayder P, van Husen D, Weiskopf T. Prevalence and knowledge of transient ischemic attack among US adults. Neurology 2003; 60: 1429-34.

  34. Phillips SJ, Whisnant JP, O’Fallon WM, Frye RL. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus in residents of Rochester, Minnesota. Mayo Clin Proc 1990; 65: 344-59.

  35. Brown RD Jr, Petty GW, O’Fallon WM, Wiebers DO, Whisnant JP. Incidence of transient ischemic attack in Rochester, Minnesota, 1985–1989. Stroke 1998; 29: 2109-13.

  36. Dennis MS, Bamford JM, Sandercock PA, Warlow CP. Incidence of transient ischemic attacks in Oxfordshire, England. Stroke 1989; 20: 333-9.

  37. Terent A. A prospective epidemiological survey of cerebrovascular disease in a Swedish community. Ups J Med Sci 1979; 84: 235-46.

  38. Ueda K, Kiyohara Y, Hasuo Y, Yanai T, Kawano H, Wada J, et al. Transient cerebral ischemic attacks in a Japanese community, Hisayama, Japan. Stroke 1987; 18: 844-8.

  39. Zupping R, Roose M. Epidemiology of cerebrovascular disease in Tartu, Estonia, USSR, 1970 through 1973. Stroke 1976; 7: 187-90.

  40. Sempere AP, Duarte J, Cabezas C, Clavería LE. Incidence of transient ischemic attacks and minor ischemic strokes in Segovia, Spain. Stroke 1996; 27: 667-71.

  41. Feigin VL, Shishkin SV, Tzirkin GM, Vinogradova TE, Tarasov AV, Vinogradov SP, et al. A Population-Based Study of Transient Ischemic Attack Incidence in Novosibirsk, Russia, 1987-1988 and 1996-1997. Stroke 2000; 31: 9-13.

  42. Ricci S, Celani MG, La Rosa F, Vitali R, Duca E, Ferraguzzi R, et al. A community-based study of incidence, risk factors and outcome of transient ischaemic attacks in Umbria, Italy: the SEPIVAC study. J Neurol 1991; 238: 87-90.

  43. Lemesle M, Milan C, Faivre J, Moreau T, Giroud M, Dumas R. Incidence trends of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attacks in a well-defined French population from 1985 through 1994. Stroke 1999; 30: 371-7.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com