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Academia Mexicana de Neurología, A.C.

2006, Número 1

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Rev Mex Neuroci 2006; 7 (1)


Virus neurotrópicos: el virus JC y la leucoencefalopatía multifocal progresiva

Cedeno F, Penalva de OAC, Vidal JE, Trujillo JR

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 63
Paginas: 46-54
Archivo PDF: 167.75 Kb.


RESUMEN

La Neurovirología es la rama de las ciencias médicas que se dedica al estudio de agentes virales que afectan al sistema nervioso. El virus JC es un virus neurotrópico del tipo ADN que causa la leucoencefalopatía multifocal progresiva (LMP). El 80% de la población general demuestra anticuerpos dirigidos contra el virus JC; sin embargo, la seroconversión es producto de una enfermedad asintomática. Los casos de LMP han ido en aumento paralelamente al brote de la epidemia de SIDA y a la era de la inmunosupresión por trasplantes y terapia antitumoral. La rápida evolución del deterioro cognitivo, motor y visual y la súbita muerte que condiciona en ausencia de tratamiento, convierten a la LMP en una enfermedad atractiva para su estudio y en un área de oportunidad poco explorada para el desarrollo de nuevas y efectivas formas de terapia. En esta revisión, describimos la biología molecular del virus JC, su neuropatogénesis, manifestaciones clínicas y las formas más recientes de diagnóstico y terapia. Además, describimos prospectos en terapia génica y vacunas.


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