2006, Number 1
<< Back Next >>
TIP Rev Esp Cienc Quim Biol 2006; 9 (1)
Spectroscopy and regiochemistry theory in the benzopyridines nitration
Sánchez-Viesca F, Berros M
Language: Spanish
References: 45
Page: 20-29
PDF size: 137.06 Kb.
ABSTRACT
In this communication we provide a theoretical explanation to the regiochemistry in the nitration of the benzopyridines as well as to the relative yields of the obtained products.
A review of the preparation procedures of the compounds under study is given, as well as the related spectroscopy. A careful study of
1H NMR spectra revealed the existence of hydrogen bonds in these compounds. They are of the type C-H---O-N=O, the hydrogen being at peri position to the nitro group. The existence of these bonds explains the down-field shifts observed in the signals of the involved protons.
The mass spectra of 5-nitro- and 8-nitroquinoline were determined. The fragmentation mechanisms of the typical ruptures are advanced.
REFERENCES
Dennis, N. Pyridines and their Benzo Derivatives: Reactivity of Substituents, en Katritzky, A.R., Rees, C.W. & Scriven, E.F.V., Eds. Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II, Vol. 5, p. 93 (Pergamon, Oxford, 1996).
Katritzky, A.R. & Taylor, R. Electrophilic Substitution of Heterocycles, en Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Vol. 47, p. 369 (Academic Press, San Diego, 1990).
Uff, B.C. Pyridines and their Benzo Derivatives: Reactivity of Substituents, en Katritzky, A.R. & Rees, C.W., Eds. Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry, Vol. 2, Parte 2A, p. 317 (Pergamon, Oxford, 1984).
Dyke, S.F. & Kinsman, R.G. Properties and Reactions of Isoquinolines, en Grethe, G., Ed., Isoquinolines, Parte 1, p.32, en Weissberger, A. & Taylor, C., Eds. The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds (J. Wiley, Nueva York, 1981).
Jones, G. The Physical and Chemical Properties of Quinoline, en Jones, G., Ed. Quinolines, Parte 1, p. 44, en Weissberger, A. & Taylor, C., Eds. The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds (J. Wiley, Londres, 1977).
Weaver, W.M. Introduction of the Nitro Group into Aromatic Systems, en Feuer, H., Ed. The chemistry of the nitro and nitroso groups, Parte 2, p. 24, en Patai, S., Ed. The Chemistry of Functional Groups (Interscience, Nueva York, 1970).
Elderfield, R.C. The Chemistry of Quinoline, en Elderfield, R.C., Ed. Heterocyclic Compounds, Vol. 4, p. 264 (J. Wiley, Nueva York, 1952).
Gensler, W.J. Isoquinoline, en Elderfield, R.C., Ed. Heterocyclic Compounds, Vol. 4, p. 411 (J. Wiley, Nueva York, 1952).
Palmer, M.H. The Structure and Reactions of Heterocyclic Compounds, pp. 118, 150 (E. Arnold, Londres, 1967).
Fieser, L.F. & Hershberg, E.B. 20-Methyl-4-azacholanthrene. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 62, 1640 (1940).
Dikshoorn, R.P. The preparation of 5- and 8-aminoquinolines. Rec. trav. chim., 48, 147 (1929).
Le Fevre, C.G. & Le Fevre, J.W. The Dipole Moments and Structures of Some Quinoline Derivatives. J. Chem. Soc., 1935, 1470.
Dufton, S.F. The Hydrazines of Quinoline. J. Chem. Soc., 61, 783 (1892).
Kaufmann, A. & Decker, H. Ueber die Nitrirung des Chinolins und seiner Mononitroderivate. Ber., 39, 3648 (1906).
Meigen, W., Garbs, H., Merkelbach, W. & Wichern, G. Condensation Products of Dinitrochlorbenzene and Aminoquinolines. J. prakt. Chem. (2), 77, 472 (1908).
Manske, R.H.F. & Kulka, M. The Skraup Synthesis of Quinolines, en Adams, R. Ed., Organic Reactions, Vol. 7, p. 59 ( J. Wiley, Nueva York, 1953).
Sharma, K.S., Kumari, Sh. & Singh, R.P. Condensed Heterocycles, XI. Synthesis, 1981, 316.
Brown, R.D. & Harcourt, R.D. A Theoretical Treatment of the Chemistry of Quinoline. J. Chem. Soc., 1959, 3451.
Sandorfy, C. & Yvan, P. Comparaison entre les grandeurs caractérisant la réactivité chimique dans le cas de la pyridine et de la quinoléine. Bull. Soc. Chim. France, 17, 131 (1950).
Dewar, M.J.S. & Maitlis, P.M. Nitration of Some Six-membered Nitrogen-heterocyclic Compounds in Sulphuric Acid. J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 2521.
Pouchert, Ch. J., Ed. The Aldrich Library of FT-IR Spectra, Edición I, Vol. 2, p. 865, espectro N2380-7. (Aldrich, Milwaukee, 1985).
Pretsch, E., Bulmann, P., Affolter, C., Herrera, A. & Martínez, R. Determinación estructural de compuestos orgánicos, p. 271 (Masson, Barcelona, 2002).
Referencia 21, Vol. 1, p. 7.
Black, P.J. & Heffernan, M.L. The analysis of the proton magnetic resonance spectra of heteroaromatic systems. Austr. J. Chem., 17, 558 (1964).
Kaiya, T., Shirai, N. & Kawazoe, Y. Proton and Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Chemical Shift Data for Nitroquinolines and their N-Oxides. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 34, 881 (1986).
Armarego, W.L.F.& Batterham, T.J. Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Some Di- and Tri-azanaphtalenes and Nitroisoquinolines. J. Chem. Soc., B, 1966, 750.
Sadtler Standard Spectra, N.M.R. 6096 M (Sadtler Research Laboratories, Philadelphia, 1969).
Radt, F., Ed. Elsevier’s Encyclopaedia of Organic Chemistry, Serie III, Carboisocyclic Condensed Compounds, Vol. 12 B, Naphthalene, p. 6 (Elsevier, Nueva York, 1948).
Lucchini, V. & Wells, P.R. Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Monosubstituted Naphtalenes. Org. Magn. Resonance, 8, 137 (1976).
Perumal, S., Vasuki, G., Wilson, D.A. & Boykin, D.W. 1H, 13C and 17O NMR Spectral Study of 4,1-Disubstituted Naphthalenes. Magn. Res. in Chem., 30, 320 (1992).
Sánchez-Viesca, F. & Berros, M. 1H NMR Evidence of C-H—O, C-H—N and C-H—Cl Hydrogen Bonds in New Thiazole Derivatives. Heterocycles, 57, 1869 (2002).
Sánchez-Viesca, F., Berros, M. & Gómez, M.R. Intramolecular Weak Hydrogen Bonds in Substituted 4-Arylthiazoles. Heterocyclic Comm., 9, 165 (2003).
Rao, C.N.R. Spectroscopy of the Nitro Group, en Feuer, H. Ed., The Chemistry of Nitro and Nitroso Groups. Parte I, p. 112 (J. Wiley, Nueva York, 1969).
Balakrishnan, P. & Boykin, D.W. Natural Abundance 17º NMR Spectroscopy of Heteroaromatic Nitro Compounds. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 23, 191 (1986).
Balakrishnan, P. & Boykin, D.W. Relationship of Aromatic Nitro Group Torsion Angles with 17O Chemical Shift Data. J. Org. Chem., 50, 3661 (1985).
Forbes, W.F., Intramolecular hydrogen bonding and steric interactions in o-nitrobenzaldehyde and related compounds. Can. J. Chem., 40, 1891 (1962).
Pinchas, S., Intramolecular hydrogen bonding in onitrobenzaldehyde and related compounds. J. Phys. Chem. 67, 1862 (1963).
Budzikiewicz, H., Djerassi, C. & Williams, D.H., Mass Spectrometry of Organic Compounds, p.518 (Holden-Day, San Francisco, 1967).
Lange, N.A., Ed., Handbook of Chemistry, 10a. ed., p. 345 (McGraw-Hill, Nueva York, 1961).
Patterson, A.M., Capell, L.T., & Walker, D.F., The Ring Index, p.179 (American Chemical Society, Washington, 1960).