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Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2006, Number S1

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salud publica mex 2006; 48 (S1)

Role of active and passive smoking on lung cancer etiology in Mexico City

Franco-Marina F, Villalba CJ, Corcho-Berdugo A

Language: English
References: 70
Page: 75-82
PDF size: 99.81 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Objective. To estimate the association between passive and active smoking exposures and lung cancer in Mexico City and the corresponding attributable risks. Material and Methods. Data was analyzed from a multicenter population-based case-control study conducted in Mexico City. Results. ORs for lung cancer in ever smokers were 6.2 (95% CI 3.9-10.2) for males and 2.8 (95% CI 1.7-4.4) for females. Passive smoking at home showed an overall OR of 1.8 (95% CI 1.3-2.6), similar in both genders. Attributable risk for active smoking for both genders combined, and for males and females separately, was estimated at 55, 76 and 27%, respectively. Attributable risk for passive smoking at home was 17% for females, 3.9% for males and 12% for the entire population. Conclusions. In Mexico City smoking is attributable to a smaller proportion of lung cancer cases than in developed countries. This is explained by a lower intensity of smoking in the Mexican population.


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  9. Axelsson G, Rylander R. Diet as risk for lung cancer: a Swedish case-control study. Nutr Cancer 2002;44(2):145-51.

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  25. Bromen K, Pohlabeln H, Jahn I, Ahrens W, Jockel KH. Aggregation of lung cancer in families: results from a population-based case-control study in Germany. Am J Epidemiol 2000 Sep 15;152(6):497-505.

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  27. Paz-Elizur T, Krupsky M, Blumenstein S, Elinger D, Schechtman E, Livneh Z. DNA repair activity for oxidative damage and risk of lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003 Sep 3;95(17):1312-9.

  28. Behera D, Balamugesh T. J Assoc Physicians India 2005 Mar;53:190-2.

  29. Behera D, Balamugesh T. Indoor air pollution as a risk factor for lung cancer in women. J Assoc Physicians India 2005 Mar;53:190-2.

  30. Kleinerman RA, Wang Z, Wang L, Metayer C, Zhang S, Brenner AV, Zhang S, Xia Y, Shang B, Lubin JH. Lung cancer and indoor exposure to coal and biomass in rural China. J Occup Environ Med 2002 Apr;44(4):338-44.

  31. Ko YC, Lee CH, Chen MJ, Huang CC, Chang WY, Lin HJ, Wang HZ, Chang PY. Risk factors for primary lung cancer among non-smoking women in Taiwan. Int J Epidemiol 1997 Feb;26(1):24-31.

  32. Krewski D, Lubin JH, Zielinski JM, Alavanja M, Catalan VS, Field RW, Klotz JB, Letourneau EG, Lynch CF, Lyon JI, Sandler DP, Schoenberg JB, Steck DJ, Stolwijk JA, Weinberg C, Wilcox HB. Residential radon and risk of lung cancer: a combined analysis of 7 North American case-control studies. Epidemiology 2005 Mar;16(2):137-45.

  33. Barros-Dios JM, Barreiro MA, Ruano-Ravina A, Figueiras A. Exposure to residential radon and lung cancer in Spain: a population-based case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 2002 Sep 15;156(6):548-55.

  34. Field RW. A review of residential radon case-control epidemiologic studies performed in the United States. Rev Environ Health 2001 Jul-Sep;16(3):151-67.

  35. Franco-Marina F, Villalba-Caloca J, Segovia N, Tavera L. Spatial indoor radon distribution in Mexico City. Sci Total Environ 2003 Dec 30;317(1-3):91-103

  36. Ezzati M, Lopez AD. Estimates of global mortality attributable to smoking in 2000. Lancet 2003 Sep 13;362(9387):847-52.

  37. Greenland S. Interval estimation by simulation as an alternative to and extension of confidence intervals. Int J Epidemiol 2004 Dec;33(6):1389-97.

  38. Yu SZ, Zhao N. Combined analysis of case-control studies of smoking and lung cancer in China. Lung Cancer 1996 Mar;14 Suppl 1:S161-70.

  39. Agudo A, Ahrens W, Benhamou E, Benhamou S, Boffetta P, Darby SC, et al. Lung cancer and cigarette smoking in women: a multicenter case-control study in Europe. Int J Cancer 2000 Dec 1;88(5):820-7.

  40. Caicoya M, Miron JA. Cáncer de pulmón y tabaco en Asturias: Un estudio de casos y controles. Gac Sanit 2003 May-Jun;17(3):226-30.

  41. Doll R, Peto R, Boreham J, Sutherland I. Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years’ observations on male British doctors. BMJ 2004 Jun 26;328(7455):1507.

  42. Peto R, Darby S, Deo H, Silcocks P, Whitley E, Doll R. Smoking, smoking cessation, and lung cancer in the UK since 1950: combination of national statistics with two case-control studies. BMJ 2000 Aug 5;321(7257):323-9.

  43. Crispo A, Brennan P, Jockel KH, Schaffrath-Rosario A, Wichmann HE, Nyberg F, et al. The cumulative risk of lung cancer among current, ex-and never-smokers in European men. Br J Cancer 2004 Oct 4;91(7):1280-6.

  44. Axelsson G, Rylander R. Diet as risk for lung cancer: a Swedish case-control study. Nutr Cancer 2002;44(2):145-51.

  45. Bain C, Feskanich D, Speizer FE, Thun M, Hertzmark E, Rosner BA, Colditz GA. Lung cancer rates in men and women with comparable histories of smoking. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004 Jun 2;96(11):826-34.

  46. Mao Y, Hu J, Ugnat AM, Semenciw R, Fincham S. Socioeconomic status and lung cancer risk in Canada. Int J Epidemiol 2001 Aug;30(4):809-17.

  47. Sesma-Vazquez S, Campuzano-Rincon JC, Carreon-Rodriguez VG, Knaul F, Lopez-Antunano FJ, Hernandez-Avila M. El comportamiento de la demanda de tabaco en México: 1992-1998. Salud Publica Mex 2002;44 Suppl 1:S82-92.

  48. Vazquez-Segovia LA, Sesma-Vazquez S, Hernandez-Avila M. El consumo de tabaco en los hogares en México. Resultados de la Encuesta de Ingresos y Gastos en los hogares, 1984-2000. Salud Publica Mex 2002;44 Suppl 1:S76-81.

  49. Kleinerman R, Wang Z, Lubin J, Zhang S, Metayer C, Brenner A. Lung cancer and indoor air pollution in rural China. Ann Epidemiol 2000 Oct 1;10(7):469.

  50. Johnson KC, Hu J, Mao Y. Lifetime residential and workplace exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer in never-smoking women, Canada 1994-97. Int J Cancer 2001 Sep;93(6):902-6.

  51. Boffetta P. Involuntary smoking and lung cancer. Scand J Work Environ Health 2002;28 Suppl 2:30-40.

  52. Kreuzer M, Heinrich J, Kreienbrock L, Rosario AS, Gerken M, Wichmann HE. Risk factors for lung cancer among nonsmoking women. Int J Cancer 2002 Aug 20;100(6):706-13.

  53. Brennan P, Buffler PA, Reynolds P, Wu AH, Wichmann HE, Agudo A, Pershagen G, Jockel KH, Benhamou S, Greenberg RS, Merletti F, Winck C, Fontham ET, Kreuzer M, Darby SC, Forastiere F, Simonato L, Boffetta P. Secondhand smoke exposure in adulthood and risk of lung cancer among never smokers: a pooled analysis of two large studies. Int J Cancer 2004 Mar;109(1):125-31.

  54. Behera D, Balamugesh T. Indoor air pollution as a risk factor for lung cancer in women. J Assoc Physicians India 2005 Mar;53:190-2.

  55. Menezes AM, Horta BL, Oliveira AL, Kaufmann RA, Duquia R, Diniz A, Motta LH, Centeno MS, Estanislau G, Gomes L. Risco de câncer de pulmão, laringe e esôfago atribuível ao fumo. Rev Saude Publica 2002 Apr;36(2):129-34.

  56. Sitas F, Urban M, Bradshaw D, Kielkowski D, Bah S, Peto R. Tobacco attributable deaths in South Africa. Tob Control 2004 Dec;13(4):396-9.

  57. Wakai K, Ando M, Ozasa K, Ito Y, Suzuki K, Nishino Y, Kuriyama S, Seki N, Kondo T, Watanabe Y, Ohno Y, Tamakoshi A. Updated information on risk factors for lung cancer: findings from the JACC Study. J Epidemiol 2005 Jun;15 Suppl 2:S134-9.

  58. Jin YT, Xu YC, Yang RD, Huang CF, Xu CW, He XZ. Familial aggregation of lung cancer in a high incidence area in China. Br J Cancer 2005 Apr 11;92(7):1321-5.

  59. Etzel CJ, Amos CI, Spitz MR. Risk for smoking-related cancer among relatives of lung cancer patients. Cancer Res. 2003 Dec 1;63(23):8531-5.

  60. Bromen K, Pohlabeln H, Jahn I, Ahrens W, Jockel KH. Aggregation of lung cancer in families: results from a population-based case-control study in Germany. Am J Epidemiol 2000 Sep 15;152(6):497-505.

  61. Miller DP, De Vivo I, Neuberg D, Wain JC, Lynch TJ, Su L, Christiani DC. Association between self-reported environmental tobacco smoke exposure and lung cancer: modification by GSTP1 polymorphism. Int J Cancer 2003 May 10;104(6):758-63.

  62. Paz-Elizur T, Krupsky M, Blumenstein S, Elinger D, Schechtman E, Livneh Z. DNA repair activity for oxidative damage and risk of lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003 Sep 3;95(17):1312-9.

  63. Behera D, Balamugesh T. J Assoc Physicians India 2005 Mar;53:190-2.

  64. Behera D, Balamugesh T. Indoor air pollution as a risk factor for lung cancer in women. J Assoc Physicians India 2005 Mar;53:190-2.

  65. Kleinerman RA, Wang Z, Wang L, Metayer C, Zhang S, Brenner AV, Zhang S, Xia Y, Shang B, Lubin JH. Lung cancer and indoor exposure to coal and biomass in rural China. J Occup Environ Med 2002 Apr;44(4):338-44.

  66. Ko YC, Lee CH, Chen MJ, Huang CC, Chang WY, Lin HJ, Wang HZ, Chang PY. Risk factors for primary lung cancer among non-smoking women in Taiwan. Int J Epidemiol 1997 Feb;26(1):24-31.

  67. Krewski D, Lubin JH, Zielinski JM, Alavanja M, Catalan VS, Field RW, Klotz JB, Letourneau EG, Lynch CF, Lyon JI, Sandler DP, Schoenberg JB, Steck DJ, Stolwijk JA, Weinberg C, Wilcox HB. Residential radon and risk of lung cancer: a combined analysis of 7 North American case-control studies. Epidemiology 2005 Mar;16(2):137-45.

  68. Barros-Dios JM, Barreiro MA, Ruano-Ravina A, Figueiras A. Exposure to residential radon and lung cancer in Spain: a population-based case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 2002 Sep 15;156(6):548-55.

  69. Field RW. A review of residential radon case-control epidemiologic studies performed in the United States. Rev Environ Health 2001 Jul-Sep;16(3):151-67.

  70. Franco-Marina F, Villalba-Caloca J, Segovia N, Tavera L. Spatial indoor radon distribution in Mexico City. Sci Total Environ 2003 Dec 30;317(1-3):91-103




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