Romero HA, Soto MMA, Pérez CF, Ponce LFJ, Ramírez BJ, Guízar SDP, Santibáñez OC

Language: Spanish
References: 18
Page: 63-69
PDF size: 104.90 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To know the organization and the faculties of the renacentist University of Bologna and the contributions of its surgeons to universal medicine.
Design: Historical analysis of primary and secondary literature sources on the University.
Setting: Seminar of European Humanism and Novo-Hispanic Culture of the graduate program directed by Dr. Enrique González González at the School of Philosophy and Arts (UNAM).
Results: An Italian University had at least six to eight professors teaching civil law, cannonical law, medicine, logics, natural philosophy, and usually rhetoric. Italy had 16 universities between 1400 and 1601. Bologna was the first.
The decision of the city hall to take away from the students the control of the university, by paying the professors, was the most important decision in the history of the Italian universities. In 1370-1371, there were eleven law professors, seven of canonical law, three of theoretical medicine, two of practical medicine, one professor of surgery, and one of medicine and natural philosophy. In 1388-1389, there were 15 professors of canonical law, 18 of civil law, 16 for medicine and surgery, and five for natural philosophy.
Conclusion: The School of Arts and Medicine had approximately 18 professors of theoretical medicine, 5 of practical medicine, and 5 of surgery. Gaspare Tagliacozzi obtained his medical degree in Bologna in 1570, he was a pioneer in reconstructive plastic surgery. In the XVI Century, Bologna had the largest number of professors and, probably, the largest amount of students among the Italian universities.

REFERENCES

1. Colish ML. Medieval Foundations of the Western Intellectual Tradition 400-1400, New Haven and London, Yale University Press pp. 274-288

2. Hyde JK. Commune, University and Society in Early Medieval Bologna. En:. Baldwin JW and Goldthwaite RA, eds. University in Politics: Case Studies From the Late Middle Ages and Modern Period, 1972, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002: 17-46.

3. Fletcher JM, Deahl J. European universities 1300-170: the development of research, 1969-81 and a summary bibliography. En: Kittelson JM and Transue PJ eds. Rebirth, Reform, and Resilience: Universities in Transition 1300-1700, Columbus Ohio State University Press, 1984: 324-57.

4. Castiglioni A. Historia de la Medicina. Barcelona, Salvat Editores, 1941: 383-535.

5. Spitz LW. The importance of the reformation for the universities: culture and confessions in the critical years. En: Kittelson JM and Transue PJ. Edits. Rebirth, Reform and Resilience, Universities in Transition 1300-1700, Columbus Ohio State University Press pp. 42-67.

6. Kibre P. Arts and Medicine in the Universities of the Later Middle Ages. En: The Universities in the Late Middle Ages, Lovaina, Leuven University Press, 1978: 213-27.

7. Leff G. The curriculum at Paris and Oxford. En: Paris and Oxford Universities in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries: An Institutional and Intellectual History, Nueva York. Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company, 1975: 116-184.

8. Peset M. La organización de las universidades españolas en la edad moderna. En: Romano A and Verger J, eds. I poteri politici e il mondo universitario (XII-XX secolo): Atti del convegno internazionale di Madrid 28-30 Agosto 1990, Mesina, Rubbettino, 1994: 67-116.

9. Verger J. Les institutions universitaires française au Moyen Ages: origines, modèles, évolution en: Universitá in Europa: Le istituzioni universitarie dal Medio Evo ai nostri giorni strutture, organizzazione, funzionamento. Atti del Convegno Internazionale di Studi, Milazzo, 28 Settembre-2 Ottobre 1993, Rubbettino 1995.

10. Grendler P. Bologna and Padua. En: The Universities of the Italian Renaissance, Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002: 3-40.

11. Grendler P. Law. En: The Universities of the Italian Renaissance, Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002: 430-473.

12. Grendler P. The studia Humanitatis. En: The Universities of the Italian Renaissance, Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002: 199-248.

13. Grendler P. The medical curriculum. En: The Universities of the Italian Renaissance, Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002: 314-351.

14. Grendler P. The University in action. En: The Universities of the Italian Renaissance, Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002: 143-195.

15. Guerra F. Historia de la Medicina, Tomo I, Madrid, Ediciones Norma, 1989: 247-303.

16. Laín EP. Historia de la Medicina, Barcelona, Masson S.A. 1978: 180-242.

17. Vesalii A. Humani corporis fabrica, Basileae, Officina Ioannis Oporini, MDXLIII.

18. Taliacotti G. De curtorum Chirurgia per infitionem, Venetiis, Apud Robertum Meietudi, MDXCVII.