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2025, Number 1

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Acta Med 2025; 23 (1)

Current physiopathological pathways and therapeutic targets for diabetic nephropathy in type 1 and 2 diabetes

Díaz GEJ, Sánchez AR, Bautista MB

Language: Spanish
References: 18
Page: 41-46
PDF size: 216.79 Kb.


ABSTRACT

The kidney is an organ with great functional importance; it regulates body fluid levels and blood pressure, helps in bone maintenance, and is essential in hematopoiesis. In patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes, one of the main complications is nephropathy since this pathology induces pathophysiological changes that affect the proper functioning of the kidney. The mechanism of diabetic nephropathy consists of alterations in homeostasis in renal hemodynamics, causing glomerular hypertension, ischemia, and hypoxia, an increase in oxidative stress, and upregulation of the renin-aldosterone system, which causes clinical manifestations such as albuminuria, decreased glomerular filtration rate and kidney disease. Currently, some therapies are based on the control of changes in renal hemodynamics, in the renin-aldosterone system, glomerular hypertension, ischemia, and hypoxia, such as control of glucose and blood pressure, inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors. Currently, new therapeutic targets have been investigated to intervene in the progression of the pathophysiological changes of diabetic nephropathy and the mechanisms that give origin to it.


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