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Latinoamericana de lnfectología Pediátrica.
Órgano de la Asociación Mexicana de
Infectología Pediátrica, A.C.
Órgano difusor de la Sociedad Española
de lnfectología

2024, Number 3

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Rev Latin Infect Pediatr 2024; 37 (3)

Mpox, what we should know today

Vargas MME, Fraga PJ, Reyes GU

Language: Spanish
References: 29
Page: 112-121
PDF size: 428.02 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Monkeypox is caused by the monkeypox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family. There are two genetically distinct groups (clades); it is a rare zoonotic disease endemic to certain areas of central and western Africa. In recent years, several outbreaks have occurred outside the African continent. This is the second time in two years that the WHO has declared it a public health emergency of international concern (PHE-IC9)1. From 2022 to August 17, 2024, 63,270 confirmed cases of Mpox were reported, including 141 deaths, in 32 countries and territories in the Region of the Americas. In Mexico, there are 4,132 confirmed cumulative cases (July 2024) of monkeypox in the 32 federal entities, with Nuevo Leon, Mexico City, State of Mexico, Jalisco, and Quintana Roo being the federal entities that accumulate the highest number of infections. It is transmitted mainly by direct or indirect contact with blood, body fluids, skin lesions, or mucous membranes of infected animals. A more worrying strain of Mpox, called Clade 1b, has now been identified in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is spreading along the border and into neighboring countries. Secondary transmission from person to person can occur through close contact with infected respiratory tract secretions or skin lesions of an infected person, and through sexual contact, or with objects recently contaminated with the patient's fluids or materials from the lesion. Diagnosis is confirmed by viral culture or molecular detection by polymerase chain reaction in skin lesions or pharyngeal exudate. Treatment is symptomatic; in 2022, tecovirimat, an antiviral that inhibits the VP37 protein, was authorized only for special cases. Contact and droplet isolation measures should be applied and suspicion should be reported to Public Health authorities. There are three mpox vaccines that should be used in people at risk. This is a basic and complete review of this pathology, until August 14, 2024, highlighting preventive measures, and the need for a specific global vaccination, as well as treatment.


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