medigraphic.com
ISSN 2007-1523 (Electronic)
Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios

2024, Number 2

<< Back Next >>

Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios 2024; 14 (2)

Cross-generational Effects of Social Media on Body Image Perception

Speranza TB, Abrevaya S, Ramenzoni V

Language: English
References: 47
Page: 167-177
PDF size: 303.59 Kb.


ABSTRACT

One of the consequences of the pandemic is that throughout 2020 virtual interactions largely replaced face-to-face interactions. Though there are few studies on how social media impacts body image perception across genders, research suggests that socializing through a virtual self-body image might have distinct implications for men and women. We examined whether type of social pressure and body-ideal (by administering the SATAQ-4R questionnaire) exert distinct pressures on members of the X, Y, and Z generations. Media pressure affected body image satisfaction significantly more than other kinds of social pressure across genders and generations, with young males reporting a higher impact compared to older males. Males experienced more pressure to be muscular and women to have a generally attractive body, especially for the younger generation. Future research should focus on social media as a potential intervention tool for the detection and prevention of body image disorders in both young female and male adults.


REFERENCES

  1. Andreassen, C., Torsheim, T., Brunborg, G., & Pallesen, S.(2012). Development of a Facebook Addiction Scale.Psychological reports, 110, 501–17.

  2. Barry, C. T., Sidoti, C. L., Briggs, S. M., Reiter, S. R., &Lindsey, R. A. (2017). Adolescent social media use andmental health from adolescent and parent perspectives.Journal of Adolescence, 61, 1–11.

  3. Bennett, S. (2012). Digital natives. Faculty of Education—Papers(Archive), 212–219.

  4. Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L.,Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). Thepsychological impact of quarantine and how to reduceit: Rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227),912–920.

  5. Brown, Z., & Tiggemann, M. (2016). Attractive celebrity andpeer images on Instagram: Effect on women’s moodand body image. Body Image, 19, 37–43.

  6. Carrard, I., Rothen, S., & Rodgers, R. F. (2021). Body imageconcerns and intuitive eating in older women. Appetite,164, 105275.

  7. Carrier, E. (2021, January). Redes etarias – Comentarios.Retrieved January 29, 2021, from https://comentarios.info/index.php/2016/06/24/redes-etarias/

  8. Cellini, N., Canale, N., Mioni, G., & Costa, S. (2020). Changesin sleep pattern, sense of time and digital media useduring COVID 19 lockdown in Italy. Journal of Sleep Research.Retrieved January 29, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7235482/

  9. Chua, T. H. H., & Chang, L. (2016). Follow me and like mybeautiful selfies: Singapore teenage girls’ engagementin self-presentation and peer comparison on social media.Computers in Human Behavior, 55(Part A), 190–197.Netherlands: Elsevier Science.

  10. Davis, C., Shuster, B., Blackmore, E., & Fox, J. (2004). Lookinggood-family focus on appearance and the risk foreating disorders. The International Journal of Eating Disorders,35(2), 136–144.

  11. Fardouly, J., & Vartanian, L. R. (2016). Social Media andBody Image Concerns: Current Research and FutureDirections. Current Opinion in Psychology, 9, 1–5.

  12. Golan, M., & Crow, S. (2004). Parents are key players in theprevention and treatment of weight-related problems.Nutrition Reviews, 62(1), 39–50.

  13. Grogan. (2016). Body Image: Understanding Body Dissatisfactionin Men, Women and Children. Routledge. Retrieved January29, 2021, from https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/body-image-sarah-grogan/10.4324/9781315681528

  14. Hallet, E. (2021, February 3). Influencers told not to use “misleading”beauty filters. BBC News. Retrieved May 3, 2023,from https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-55824936

  15. Hayes, M., van Stolk-Cooke, K., & Muench, F. (2015). UnderstandingFacebook use and the psychological affects ofuse across generations. Computers in Human Behavior,49, 507–511.

  16. Ho, S. S., Lee, E. W. J., & Liao, Y. (2016). Social Network Sites,Friends, and Celebrities: The Roles of Social Comparisonand Celebrity Involvement in Adolescents’ BodyImage Dissatisfaction. Social Media + Society, 2(3),2056305116664216. SAGE Publications Ltd.

  17. Jenkins-Guarnieri, M. A., Wright, S. L., & Johnson, B. (2013).Development and validation of a social media use integrationscale. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 2(1),38–50. US: Educational Publishing Foundation.

  18. Kaplan, A., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the World,Unite! The Challenges and Opportunities of Social Media.Business Horizons, 53, 59–68.

  19. Kenny, U., Sullivan, L., Callaghan, M., Molcho, M., & Kelly,C. (2018). The relationship between cyberbullyingand friendship dynamics on adolescent body dissatisfaction:A cross-sectional study. Journal of HealthPsychology, 23(4), 629–639.

  20. Lee, H.-R., Lee, H. E., Choi, J., Kim, J. H., & Han, H. L.(2014). Social Media Use, Body Image, and PsychologicalWell-Being: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Koreaand the United States. Journal of Health Communication,19(12), 1343–1358.

  21. Linkenauger, S. A., Kirby, L. R., McCulloch, K. C., & Longo,M. R. (2017). People watching: Ther perception of therelative body proportions of the self and others. Cortex,92, 1–7.

  22. Llorente, E., Gleaves, D. H., Warren, C. S., Pérez-de-Eulate,L., & Rakhkovskaya, L. (2015). Translation and validationof a Spanish version of the Sociocultural AttitudesTowards Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4). TheInternational Journal of Eating Disorders, 48(2), 170–175.

  23. López Steinmetz, L. C., Dutto Florio, M. A., Leyes, C. A.,Fong, S. B., Rigalli, A., & Godoy, J. C. (2022). Levels andpredictors of depression, anxiety, and suicidal riskduring COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina: The impactsof quarantine extensions on mental health state. Psychology,Health & Medicine, 27(1), 13–29. Taylor & Francis.

  24. Mabe, A. G., Forney, K. J., & Keel, P. K. (2014). Do you “like”my photo? Facebook use maintains eating disorderrisk: Facebook Use Maintains Risk. International Journalof Eating Disorders, 47(5), 516–523.

  25. Marques, M. D., Paxton, S. J., McLean, S. A., Jarman, H. K.,& Sibley, C. G. (2022). A prospective examination ofrelationships between social media use and body dissatisfactionin a representative sample of adults. BodyImage, 40, 1–11.

  26. Murawski, B., Elizathe, L., Custodio, J., & Rutsztein, G.(2015). Argentine validation of the Sociocultural AttitudesTowards Appearance Questionnaire-3. RevistaMexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios, 6(2), 73–90.

  27. O’Reilly, M., Dogra, N., Whiteman, N., Hughes, J., Eruyar,S., & Reilly, P. (2018). Is social media bad for mentalhealth and wellbeing? Exploring the perspectives of adolescents.Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 23(4),601–613. SAGE Publications Ltd.

  28. Pearl, R. L. (2020). Weight Stigma and the “Quarantine-15.”Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 28(7), 1180–1181.

  29. Pedalino, F. & Camerini, A.L. (2022). Instagram Use andBody Dissatisfaction: The Mediating Role of UpwardSocial Comparison with Peers and Influencers amongYoung Females. International Journal of Environmental Researchand Public Health, 19(3). Retrieved May 3, 2023, fromhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/358222177_Instagram_Use_and_Body_Dissatisfaction_The_Mediating_Role_of_Upward_Social_Comparison_with_Peers_and_Influencers_among_Young_Females

  30. Perloff, R. M. (2014). Social media effects on young women’sbody image concerns: Theoretical perspectives and anagenda for research. Sex Roles, 71(11–12), 363–77.

  31. Pitron, V., Alsmith, A., & de Vignemont, F. (2018). How dothe body schema and the body image interact? Consciousnessand Cognition, 65, 352–358.

  32. Prensky, M. (n.d.). Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants, 6.

  33. Ravalli, M. J., & Paoloni, P. (2016, November). Global Kids OnlineArgentina: Research study on the perceptions andhabits of children and adolescents on the use of technologies,the internet and social media. Monograph,Buenos Aires, Argentina: UNICEF Argentina. RetrievedJanuary 29, 2021, from http://globalkidsonline.net

  34. Ricciardelli, L. A., McCabe, M. P., Williams, R. J., & Thompson,J. K. (2007). The role of ethnicity and culture inbody image and disordered eating among males. ClinicalPsychology Review, 27(5), 582–606.

  35. Rodgers, R. F., & Melioli, T. (2016). The Relationship BetweenBody Image Concerns, Eating Disorders andInternet Use, Part I: A Review of Empirical Support.Adolescent Research Review, 1(2), 95–119.

  36. Rodgers, R. F., & Rousseau, A. (2022). Social media andbody image: Modulating effects of social identities anduser characteristics. Body Image, 41, 284–291.

  37. Rodgers, R. F., Slater, A., Gordon, C. S., McLean, S. A., Jarman,H. K., & Paxton, S. J. (2020). A BiopsychosocialModel of Social Media Use and Body Image Concerns,Disordered Eating, and Muscle-Building Behaviorsamong Adolescent Girls and Boys. Journal of Youth andAdolescence, 49(2), 399–409.

  38. Sadibolova, R., Ferre, E. R., Linkenauger, S. A., & Longo, M.(2019). Distortions of perceived volume and length ofbody parts. Cortex, 111, 74–86.

  39. Schaefer, L. M. (2017). Development and validation of thesociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire-4-revised (SATAQ-4R. Int J Eat Disord, 50(2), 104–117.

  40. Stronge, S., Greaves, L. M., Milojev, P., West-Newman, T.,Barlow, F. K., & Sibley, C. G. (2015). Facebook is Linkedto Body Dissatisfaction: Comparing Users and Non-Users.Sex Roles, 73(5–6), 200–213.

  41. Taylor y Keeter. (2010). Millennials: A Portrait of GenerationNext : Confident, Connected, Open to Change. Pew ResearchCenter.

  42. Thompson y Stise. (2021, January). Thin-Ideal Internalization:Mounting Evidence for a New Risk Factor forBody-Image Disturbance and Eating Pathology—J.Kevin Thompson, Eric Stice, 2001. Retrieved January29, 2021, from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1111/1467-8721.00144

  43. Tiggemann, M. (2004). Body image across the adult lifespan: Stability and change. Body Image, 1(1), 29–41.

  44. Turner, A. (2015). Generation Z: Technology and Social Interest.The Journal of Individual Psychology, 71(2), 103–113.University of Texas Press.

  45. Vall-Roqué, H., Andrés, A., & Saldaña, C. (2021). The impactof COVID-19 lockdown on social network sitesuse, body image disturbances and self-esteem amongadolescent and young women. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology& Biological Psychiatry, 110, 110293.

  46. de Vries, D. A., Peter, J., de Graaf, H., & Nikken, P. (2016).Adolescents’ Social Network Site Use, Peer Appearance-Related Feedback, and Body Dissatisfaction:Testing a Mediation Model. Journal of Youth and Adolescence,45(1), 211–224.

  47. Wong, A., Ho, S., Olusanya, O., Antonini, M. V., & Lyness,D. (2021). The use of social media and onlinecommunications in times of pandemic COVID-19.Journal of the Intensive Care Society, 22(3), 255–260. SAGEPublications.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com