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2024, Number 2

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Rev Educ Bioquimica 2024; 43 (2)

Resistencia a radiación: aspectos básicos y aplicaciones

Alcántara DD, Serment GJ, Serment GS

Language: Spanish
References: 37
Page: 96-107
PDF size: 737.45 Kb.


Text Extraction

Radio resistance is defined as the extreme tolerance to radiation developed in some organisms naturally or artificially. The presence of this phenotype in nature is difficult to explain since currently, environmental radiation levels are not high enough to exert selective pressure that favors its development. Currently, there are two alternative hypotheses to explain the origin of this high radiation resistance: the Desiccation Adaptation Hypothesis, which assumes that radio resistance is a collateral effect of the adaptation of these organisms to extreme desiccation in their natural habitat; and the Radiation Adaptation Hypothesis, which proposes that radiation-resistant organisms were indeed exposed at some time in geological history to high levels of natural radiation. Both hypotheses could be applied to different radiation-resistant organisms. This phenotype has also been developed artificially in the laboratory and in these populations, it has been seen that, unlike natural radio resistance whose main mechanism is through the protection of proteins against oxidative damage, a key aspect of this process are the mechanisms of repair of DNA damage. The SOS System (international distress signal: Save our Souls), present in several microorganisms, is induced as a temporary response when DNA is damaged; during this response, not only does the ability of the cells to repair this molecule increase, but the induction of genetic mutations that can lead to major resistance to radiation also increases. This system was named this way because it was considered to be the last option of a cell to survive.


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