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2004, Number 1

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Vet Mex 2004; 35 (1)

Anatibiotic resistance and presence of plasmids in: Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio fluvialis, and Vibrio furnissii isolated from Carassius auratus auratus

Negrete RP, Romero JJ, Arredondo FJL

Language: English/Spanish
References: 72
Page: 21-30
PDF size: 376.71 Kb.


ABSTRACT

We isolated and identified 70 bacterial strains from the ornate fish species Carassius auratus, in specimens with signs of infection. The isolated and identified bacterial species, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio fluvialis, and Vibrio furnissii, have been reported to cause diarrhea in humans, and the first two are considered very aggressive pathogens in Cyprinus carpio cultures. For this reason, antibiotics to avoid and control the presence of these bacteria have been inadequately used and abused. The uncontrolled use of antibiotics has given rise to the presence of an R-plasmid in bacteria, as a response to the environmental stress represented by these chemical compounds. When R-plasmid carrying bacteria are transmitted directly to humans, be it by direct contact with the host during handling in culture, as a pet, in consumption, or by a conjunction of all these factors, the problem exceeds aquaculture and becomes a public health issue.
All the studied strains presented antibiotic resistance. We recorded resistance to more than one antibiotic, and up to seven in some cases. Furthermore, 100% of the strains carried plasmids resistant to antibiotics with molecular weights ranging from 25.7kb to 6.6 kb. The Aeromonas hydrophila strains presented resistance to the following antibiotics: cephalothin (CF), tetracycline (T), nitrofurantoin (NF), ampicillin (AMP), carbenicillin (CB), and kanamicyn (K). The molecular weights of the plasmids found ranged from 25.7 to 6.6 kb, 24% of Aeromonas hydrophila carried plasmids of 14.2 kb and 21% of 22.5 kb. Plasmids of 15 to 6.9 kb were extracted from Vibrio fluvialis strains, 58% were of 15 kb and were resistant to CF, AMP, T, NF, CB. Vibrio furnissii carrried plasmids ranging from 15 to 6.6 kb, 46% these strains were of 14.2 kb and presented resistance to CF, AMP, T, NF, CB, and K. The results were the same independent of the origin of the samples, be it water, food or an organism.
None of the plasmids were able to transfer to Escherichia coli and no incompatibility group could be determined.


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  38. Pillay TVR. Planning aquaculture. Development and introductory guide Fishing. Oxford: News Book,1977.

  39. Bernabé G. Acuaculture. Barcelona: Omega, 1989

  40. Negrete RP, Romero JJ. Presencia de bacterias patógenas en peces de ornato. Hidrobiologica 1999;9:85-94.

  41. Davis JF, Hayasaka SS. Pathogenesis bacteria associated with cultured American eels. J Fish Biol 1983;23:557-564

  42. Hasting T, McKay A. Resistance of Aeromonas salmonicida to ocolinic acid. Aquaculture 1987;61:165-171.

  43. Mandigan TM, Martinko MJ, Parker J. Biología de los Microorganismos. Madrid: Prentice Hall 2000

  44. Aoki T, Egusa S, Kimura T, Watanabe K. Detection of R factors in naturally occurring Aeromonas salmonicida strains. Appl Microbiol 1971;22:716-717.

  45. Aoki T, Kitao T, Kawano K. Changes in drugs resistance of Vibrio angullarum in cultures ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis. Temminck and Schlegel, in Japan. J Fish Dis1981;4:223

  46. Aoki T, Kitao T, Iemura Y, Mitoma Y, Nomura T. The susceptibility of Aeromonas salmonicida strains isolated in cultures and wild salmonids to various chemotherapeutics. Bull Japanese Soc Sci Fisheries 1983;49:17-22.

  47. Watanave TA, Ogata Y, Egusa SR. factors related to fish culturing. Ann NY Acad Sci 1971;182:383-410.

  48. Hayasi F, Araki Y, Harada L, Inoe M, Mtsuhashi S. Epidemiological studies of drugs resistance strains in cultured fish and water. Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fisheries 1982;48:1121-1127.

  49. Toranzo AE, Barja JL, Colwell RR, Hetrick FL.. Relationship between plasmid strain of Vibrio anguillarum isolated from different fish species. Appl Environ Microbiol 1983;55:826-831.

  50. Hedges RW, Smith P, Brazil G. Resistance Plasmid of Aeromonas. J Gen Microbiol 1985;131:2091-2095.

  51. Bast L, Daly FG, De Grandis SA, Stevenson RMW. Evaluation of profiles of Aeromonas salmonicida epidemiological markers of furunculosis infection in fish J Fish Dis 1988;11:133-145.

  52. Hedges RW, Datta N. R-factors giving chloramphenicol resistance. Nature 1971;234:220-221.

  53. Son R, Rusul G, Sahilah AM, Zainuri A, Raha AR, Salmah I. Antibiotic resistance and plasmid profile of Aeromonas hydrophila isolates from cultures fish, Telapis (Telapia mossambica). Lett Appl Microbiol 1997;24:479-482.

  54. Negrete RP, Romero JJ. Estudio cualitativo de las condiciones sanitarias de producción y manejo de granjas acuícolas en los estados de México y Morelos Hidrobiologica 1998;8:43-54.

  55. Munro ALS. The pathogenesis of bacterial diseases of fish. In: Roberts RJ editor. Microbial diseases of fish. London: Academic Press, 1982:131-149.

  56. Austin B, Austin DA. Bacterial fish pathogen diseases in formed and wild fish. London: Ellis Horwood Ltd, 1987.

  57. Analytical Profile Index Enterobacteriaceae and other Gram negative bacteria, 4a th. France: Edition Bio Merioux. 1977.

  58. Analytical Profile Index. Enterobacteriaceae and other Gram negative bacteria, 4a th. France: Edition Bio Merioux. 1989.

  59. Furniss AL, Lee JV, Donovan TS. Group F, a new vibrio?. Lancet II, 1977; 1: 565-566.

  60. Lee JV, Shread P, Furniss, AI, Bryant TN. Taxonomy and description of Vibrio fluvialis sp. Nov. (Synonym. Group F, Vibrios EF6) J Appl Bacteriol 1981; 50:73-94.

  61. Brenner DJ, Hichman-Brenner W, Lee JV, Steigerwalt AG, Fanning GR, Hollis GG, et al. Vibrio furnissii (formely aerogenic biogroup of Vibrio fluvialis), a new species isolated from human feces and the environment. J Clin Microbiol 1983; 18:816-824

  62. Holt JG, Krieg NR, Sneath PHA, Dtaley JT. Williams TS. Bergey´s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1994

  63. Bauer A, Kirby WMM, Sherris JC, Tueck M. Antibiotic susceptibility by a standard single disk method Am J Clin Pathol 1966; 36: 493-496.

  64. Hindler J. Antimicrobial susceptinility testing. In: Isenberg H D editor. Clinical Microbiology. Washington: Procedures Handbook American Society of Microbiology, 1992.

  65. Giono C S. Prueba de Bauer-Kirby para sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos. Infectología III 1983; 7:325.

  66. Stanley RS. Lynch´s Medical Laboratory Technology. 2nd Ed. Philadelphia: WB. Saunders, 1983

  67. Barry AL, Thornsberry C. Susceptibility test. Diffusion test procedures. In: E Lennette editor. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. Washington: American Society for Microbiology 1985:195.

  68. Birnboim H C, Dolly J. A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 1979;7:1513-1517

  69. Ausubel FM, Brent R, Kingston RE, Moore JG, Seidman JG. et al. editors. Short protocols in molecular biology. 4th ed. New York:Wiley & Sons, 1999.

  70. Chang BJ, Bolton SM. Plasmid and resistance to antimicrobial agents in Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas hydrophila clinical isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1987;31:1281-1282.

  71. Chaudhury A, Nath G, Shukla BN, Saval SC. Biochemical characterization, enteropathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance plasmid of clinical and environmental Aeromonas isolates J Med Microbiol 1966;44:434-437.

  72. Giles JS, Hariharan H, Heaney BS. The plasmid profiles of fish pathogenic isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida, Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio ordalii from the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts of Canada. J Fish Dis 1995;41:209-216




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