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2023, Number 4

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Rev Educ Bioquimica 2023; 42 (4)

Acerca del origen de los organismos multicelulares y la aparición de la diferenciación celular

Castro-Muñozledo F

Language: Spanish
References: 60
Page: 196-206
PDF size: 547.07 Kb.


ABSTRACT

The origin of multicellularity, and consequently, the origin of specialized functions in the cells that constitute an organism, are issues of great interest to understand the evolutionary processes that led to the emergence of metazoans, plants, fungi, as well as other groups characterized by their multicellular organization along their life cycle. Until now, it is considered that multicellularity is the result of either: I) clonal division or division without separation of daughter cells, II) the aggregation of individuals, III) the septation of coenocytes or syncytia, or alternatively, IV) it consists in an adaptative response to environmental pressures, improving survival and reproduction of individuals. Evidence derived from phylogenetic studies, from sequencing highly conserved molecules, and from the comparison of genomes from organisms belonging to different taxa, suggests that the emergence of the multicellular state was preceded by the establishment of gene families encoding proteins involved in signaling pathways and in regulation of gene expression in the unicellular ancestors of metazoans. These events set the stage for the functional division in early multicellular organisms, and, therefore, the appearance of the first tissues with specialized functions. Here, we present a brief review of these processes.


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