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2023, Número 4

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Rev Educ Bioquimica 2023; 42 (4)


Acerca del origen de los organismos multicelulares y la aparición de la diferenciación celular

Castro-Muñozledo F

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 60
Paginas: 196-206
Archivo PDF: 547.07 Kb.


RESUMEN

El origen de la multicelularidad, y por consecuencia, de la expresión de funciones especializadas en las células que constituyen a un individuo son de gran interés para entender los procesos evolutivos que llevaron al surgimiento de los metazoarios, de las plantas, de los hongos, así como de otros grupos caracterizados por su organización multicelular en sólo una etapa de su ciclo de vida. Se considera que la multicelularidad tuvo un origen: I) clonal o por división sin separación de las células hijas, II) por agregación de individuos, III)por septación de cenocitos o sincicios, o bien fue IV) una respuestaadaptativa a las presiones del medio. De manera adicional, la evidenciaderivada de estudios filogenéticos, sumada a la secuenciación de moléculasaltamente conservadas durante la evolución y la comparación entre genomasde organismos de diferentes grupos taxonómicos sugieren que la aparicióndel estado multicelular fue precedida por el establecimiento de las familiasgénicas que codifican para las proteínas que componen la maquinaria deseñalización y la maquinaria de regulación de la expresión genética en losancestros unicelulares de los metazoarios. Estos eventos establecieron elescenario para que apareciera la división de funciones en los primerosorganismos multicelulares, y, por ende, la formación de los primeros tejidoscon funciones especializadas. En este trabajo hacemos una breve reseña deestos procesos.


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