medigraphic.com

2022, Number 1

<< Back Next >>

Rev Cuba Endoc 2022; 33 (1)

Clinical and environmental factors associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Parlá SJ, González HO, de la Rosa SJJ, Yanes QM, Cubas DI, Pérez GC, Marrero MT

Language: Spanish
References: 52
Page:
PDF size: 319.78 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a polygenic and multifactorial autoimmune thyroid disease, resulting from a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors.
Objective: To determine the possible association of clinical and environmental factors with antithyroid antibody levels and thyroid function tests in HT.
Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out with 120 subjects diagnosed with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. We studied variables such as age, sex, skin color, nutritional status, parity, smoking, alcohol consumption, estrogen preparations, family history of autoimmune thyroid disease and personal history of other autoimmune diseases. Additionally, AbTPO, TSH, T3 and T4 antibody determinations were made.
Results: Predominance of the female sex (92.5%), white skin (50.8%) and body overweight (40%). 73% did not consume estrogenic preparations. Twenty percent had family history of thyroid disease and personal history of type 1 diabetes mellitus (7.5%). The mean antibody in patients with history of viral infections was higher than those without this history (732.6 vs. 624.6). The rest of the variables did not show differences between the means of the antibody. None of the factors studied showed association with the state of thyroid function. (p > 0.05).
Conclusions: There was no association between clinical and environmental factors in relation to Ac TPO levels and the state of thyroid function, with a predominance of overt hypothyroidism at diagnosis of HT.


REFERENCES

  1. Duncan J. Topliss. Clinical relevance of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease. Endocrinol Metab 2016;31:493-99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.4.493

  2. Dong JH, Fu DG. Autoinmune thyroid disease: mechanism, genetics and current knowledge. Eur Rev for Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014 [acceso: 18/10/2021];18:3611-8. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25535130/

  3. Gómez E. Endocrinología clínica. Tiroides. 5ta ed. México D.F: Editorial El Manual Moderno; 2016. pp 101-3.

  4. Astarita G, Gauna A, Gurfinkiel M, Sequera A. Thyroid autoimmunity: common and distinctive pathogenic mechanisms in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease. Rev Argent Endocrinol Metab 2012 [acceso: 18/10/2021];49:138-44. Disponible en: http://www.raem.org.ar/numeros/2012-vol49/numero-03/vol49-03-006-eng.html

  5. Wiersinga WM. Clinical relevance of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of utoimmune thyroid disease. Endocrinol Metab 2016;31:213-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.2.213

  6. Effraimidis G, Wiersinga WM. Mechanisms in endocrinology: autoimmune thyroid disease: old and new players. Eur J Endocrinol 2014;170:R241-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-14-0047

  7. Mc Combe PA, Greer JM. Female reproductive issues in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2013; 19:392-402. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458512452331

  8. Weetman AP. The immunopathogenesis of chronic autoinmune thyroiditis one century after Hashimoto. Eur Thyroid J. 2013;1:243-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000343834

  9. Lepez T, Vandewoestyne M, Hussain S, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Poppe K, Velkeniers B, et al. Fetal microchimeric cells in blood of women with an autoimmune thyroid disease. PLoS One. 2011;6:e29646. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029646

  10. El Hajj G, Yahya AF, Medlej R, Sebaaly G, Souaid M, Halaby G. Autoinmune thyroid disease. Clinical and biological correlations. J Med Liban. 2009;57(4):218-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.3.379

  11. Zivanovic D, Sipetic S, Stamenkovic M, Milasin J. Graves basedow disease and potential risk factors. Vojnosanit Pregl. 2008;65(8):633-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/vsp0808633z

  12. Simmonds MJ, Kavvoura FK, Brand OJ, Newby PR, Jackson LE, Hargreaves CE, et al. Skewed x chromosome inactivation and female preponderance in autoimmune thyroid disease: an association study and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014;99:E127-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-2667

  13. Ferrari SM, Fallahi P, Antonelli A, Benvenga S. Environmental issues in thyroid diseases. Front Endocrinol. 2017;8:50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2017.00050

  14. Lee HJ, Li Ch, Hammerstad SS, Stefan M, Tomer Y. Immunogenetics of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Review J Autoimmun. 2015;64:82-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2015.07.009

  15. Pedersen IB, Knudsen N, Carle A, Vejbjerg P, Jorgensen T, Perrild H, et al. A cautious iodization programme bringing iodine intake to a low recommended level is associated with an increase in the prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in the population. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2011;75:120-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04008.x

  16. Carle A, Pedersen IB, Knudsen N, Perrild H, Ovesen L, Rasmussen LB, et al. Moderate alcohol consumption may protect against overt autoimmune hypothyroidism: a population based case-control study. Eur J Endocrinol 2012;167:483-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-12-0356

  17. Carle A, Bulow Pedersen I, Knudsen N, Perrild H, Ovesen L, Rasmussen LB, et al. Graves' hyperthyroidism and moderate alcohol consumption: evidence for disease prevention. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013;79:111-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.12106

  18. Wiersinga WM. Smoking and thyroid. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013;79:145-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.12222

  19. Asvold BO, Bjoro T, Nilsen TI, Vatten LJ. Tobacco smoking and thyroid function: a population-based study. Arch Intern Med 2007; 167:1428-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.167.13.1428

  20. Strieder TG, Prummel MF, Tijssen JG, Endert E, Wiersinga WM. Risk factors for and prevalence of thyroid disorders in a cross-sectional study among healthy female relatives of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2003;59:396-401. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01862.x

  21. Wiersinga WM. Clinical relevance of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease. Endocrinol Metab 2016; 31:213-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.2.213

  22. Frank P, Kay CR. Incidence of thyroid disease associated with oral contraceptives. Br Med J. 1978 [acceso: 06/01/2019]. Disponible en: https://wwwncbi.nim.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1608759

  23. Fallahi P, Ferrari SM, Politti U, Giuggioli D, Ferri C, Antonelli A. Autoimmune and neoplastic thyroid diseases associated with hepatitis C chronic infection. Int J Endocrinol 2014 [acceso: 09/12/2018]. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nim.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4211174

  24. Hsieh MC, Yu ML, Chuang WL, Shin SJ, Dai CY, Chen SC, et al. Virologic factors related to interferon-alphainduced thyroid dysfunction in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Eur J Endocrinol. 2000; 142:431-437. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1420431

  25. Tran HA, Jones TL, Ianna EA, Foy A, Reeves GE. Thyroid disease in chronic hepatitis C infection treated with combination interferon-a and ribavirin: management strategies and future perspective. Endocr Pract 2013;19(2):292-300. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4158/EP12195.RA

  26. Rapoport B, McLachlan SM. Graves' hyperthyroidism is antibody-mediated but is predominantly a th1-type cytokine disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99:4060-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-3011

  27. Cogni G, Chiovato L. An overview of the pathogenesis of thyroid autoimmunity. Hormones. 2013,12(1):19-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03401283

  28. Strieder TG, Prummel MF, Tijssen JG, Endert E, Wiersinga WM. Risk factors for and prevalence of thyroid disorders in a cross-sectional study among healthy female relatives of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2003;59:396-401. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01862.x

  29. Strieder TG, Tijssen JG, Wenzel BE, Endert E, Wiersinga W. Prediction of progression to overt hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism in female relatives of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease using the Thyroid Events Amsterdam (THEA) Score. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:1657-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.168.15.1657

  30. Wiersinga WM. Clinical relevance of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease. Endocrinol Metab. 2016;31:213-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.2.213

  31. Navarro Despaigne D. Epidemiología de las enfermedades del tiroides en Cuba. Rev. Cubana Endocrinol. 2004 [acceso: 24/09/2018];15(1). Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1561-29532004000100004&lng=es

  32. Yanes M, Turcios S, Alavés E, Cruz J, Rodríguez L, Yanes MA, et al. Caracterización clínica y funcional en pacientes con diagnóstico inicial de tiroiditis de Hashimoto en el año 2007. Rev. Cubana Endocrinol. 2008 [acceso: 24/09/2018];9(2). Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S156129532008000200002&lng=es

  33. McLeod DS, Caturegli P, Cooper DS. Variation in rates of autoinmune thyroid disease by race/ethnicity in US military personnel. JAMA 2014;311:1563-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.285606

  34. McLeod DS, Caturegli P, Cooper DS. Variation in rates of autoinmune thyroid disease by race/ethnicity in US military personnel. JAMA 2014;311:1563-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.285606

  35. Topliss DJ. Clinical update in aspects of the management of autoinmune thyroid diseases. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2016;31:493-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.4.493

  36. Liontiris MI, Mazokopakis EE. A concise review of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and the importance of iodine, selenium, vitamin D and gluten on the autoimmunity and dietary management of HT patients. Points that need more investigation. Hell J Nucl Med 2017;20(1):51-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1967/s002449910507

  37. Montoya Morales DS, Tapia González MA, Alamilla Lugo L, Sosa Caballero A, Muñoz Solís A, Jiménez Sánchez M. Alteraciones de la función tiroidea en pacientes con obesidad mórbida. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2015 [acceso: 20/09/2019];53(Supl 1):S18-22. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/4577/457744941003.pdf

  38. Duntas LH. Environmental factors and thyroid autoimmunity. Annales d'Endocrinologie.2011;72:108-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2011.03.019

  39. Longhi S, Radetti G. Thyroid function and obesity. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2013;5:40-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4274/Jcrpe.856

  40. Carle A, Bulow Pedersen I, Knudsen N, Perrild H, Ovesen L, Banke Rasmussen L, et al. Smoking cessation is followed by a sharp but transient rise in the incidence of overt autoimmune hypothyroidism: a population-based, case-control study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2012;77:764-72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04455.x

  41. Rotondi M, Pirali B, Lodigiani S, Bray S, Leporati P, Chytiris S, et al. The post-partum period and the onset of Graves' disease: an overestimated risk factor. Eur J Endocrinol 2008 [acceso: 20/09/2019];159:161-5. Disponible en: https://eje.bioscientifica.com/downloadpdf/journals/eje/159/2/161.pdf

  42. Stagnaro Green A, Schwartz A, Gismondi R, Tinelli A, Mangieri T, Negro R. High rate of persistent hypothyroidism in a large-scale prospective study of postpartum thyroiditis in southern Italy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:652-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-1980

  43. Brix TH, Knudsen GP, Kristiansen M, Kyvik KO, Orstavik KH, Hegedus L. High frequency of skewed x-chromosome inactivation in females with autoinmune thyroid disease: A possible explanation for the female predisposition to thyroid autoimmunity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:5949-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-1366

  44. Hammerstad SS, Jahnsen FL, Tauriainen S, Hyöty H, Paulsen T, Norheim I, et al. Inflammation and increased myxovirus resistance protein an expression in thyroid tissue in the early stages of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Thyroid 2013;23:334-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2012.0264

  45. Mori K, Yoshida K. Viral induction in induction of Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a key player or just a bystander? Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2010;17:418-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0b013e32833cf518

  46. McLachlan SM, Rapoport B. Breaking tolerance to thyroid antigens: changing concepts in thyroid autoimmunity. Endocr Rev. 2014;35:59-105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2013-1055

  47. Marsiglia G. Enfermedad tiroidea autoinmune: Estudio clínicoepidemiológico. Gac Med Caracas. 2008 [acceso: 20/11/2020];116(1):23-36. Disponible en: http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S036747622008000100005&lng=es

  48. Araujo DB, Barone B, Melleti NFT, Oliveira MMS, Zadjenverg L, Tortora RP, et al. Thyroid disorders are common in first-degree relatives of individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(2):112-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/2359-3997000000022

  49. Hansen MP, Matheis N, Kahaly HJ. Type 1 diabetes and polyglandular autoimmune syndrome: a review. World J Diabetes. 2015;6:67-79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v6.i1.67

  50. Piraino N, Sepúlveda N, Cavada CH. Tiroiditis crónica de Hashimoto: Serie clínica. Rev. Med. Chile. 2010 [acceso: 20/11/2020];138(7):827-31. Disponible en: https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-98872010000700006&lng=es

  51. Tomer Y. Mechanisms of autoimmune thyroid diseases: from genetics to epigenetics. Annu Rev Pathol. 2014;9:147-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pathol-012513-104713

  52. Hollowell JG, Staehling NW, Flanders WD, Hannon WH, Gunter EW, Spencer CA, et al. Serum TSH, T4, and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:489-99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.87.2.8182




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com