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Medicina & Laboratorio

2021, Number 2

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Medicina & Laboratorio 2021; 25 (2)

Main factors related with the acquisition of health care associated infections in the neonatal population between 2014 to 2020. Systematic review

Muñoz-Ante K, Ortega-Amaya C, Atencia-Poveda JW, García-Restrepo MC, Garrido-Zea EF

Language: Spanish
References: 30
Page: 513-524
PDF size: 93.76 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction. Health care-associated infections are a frequent adverse effect. Neonates are an affected population group due to their immune immaturity. The World Health Organization estimates that these infections vary between 5% to 25% depending on the income level of each country. In Colombia these infections are underreported, particularly in neonates. The aim of this review was to identify the risk factors, the most common microorganisms, and the routes of transmission for these type of infections in neonates, as reported in the world literature. Methodology. A systematic duplicate search was carried out in PubMed, with articles published between 2014 to 2019, which included a search for articles, reading and exclusion of duplicates, reconciliation between authors, and quality assessment. Results. The level of evidence and the grade of recommendation was optimal in general (levels 1 and 2, recommendation A and B). The most common risk factors were prematurity and low birth weight, the use of central venous catheter, mechanical ventilation, prolonged hospital stay, and long-term use of antibiotics. Microorganisms such as coagulase negative Staphylococcus and Serratia marcenscens were reported, and common routes of transmission such as the bloodstream, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and skin were described. Conclusion. Health care-associated infections are more frequent than estimated, and can be prevented with the adoption of health policies, such as proper hand washing, disinfection of environmental surfaces and medical equipment, an adequate skin care of the neonate, and isolation protocols for patients with these infections.


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