2022, Number 1
<< Back Next >>
Revista Colombiana de Bioética 2022; 17 (1)
Companies in research on innovations in medicines
Gamboa-Bernal GA
Language: Spanish
References: 43
Page:
PDF size: 154.91 Kb.
ABSTRACT
Purpose/Background. The role of the pharmaceutical industry can be examined from
multiple angles. The presence of these companies during the pandemic has been forced
by the need to have, in the shortest possible time, vaccines capable of preventing infections
and effective drugs to treat those affected, that is, the development of innovative
products.
Methodology/Approach. From a bioethical perspective, it reflects on four issues related
to the role of these companies in analogous circumstances: the responsibilities of
the Sponsors in the research processes; contracting with Contract Research Organizations;
the relationship with researchers and interaction with the Research Ethics Committees
(IRB); and, finally, on a way to contain the double standard in research.
Results/Findings. The Sponsors have precise responsibilities that are guided by international
documents and guidelines; there is a need for greater clarity in the work of
CROs; researchers can improve interaction with IRBs; ethical dumping must be avoided.
Discussion/Conclusions/Contributions. It is concluded that the pharmaceutical industry
has a role of co-responsibility in the production processes of innovative medicines
with other actors, with whom it must maintain a transparent and fluid dialogue and
must be guided not only by the Good Clinical Practice Guidelines, but mainly because
of the Declaration of Helsinki. One medium can help eliminate the double standard in
research: the TRUST Code; thus, pharmaceutical companies can contribute to improving
the ethical culture of research.
REFERENCES
AHIP. 2021. “Big Pharma Kicks Off 2021 With Hundreds of Drug Price Hikes.”https://www.ahip.org/big-pharma-kicks-off-2021-with-hundreds-of-drug-price-hikes/
Álvarez-Guerra, Sandra. 2011. “Armonización de estándares de calidad para ensayosclínicos. Norma ISO 9001-Guía de Buena Práctica Clínica.” Revista Cubanade Farmacia 45, no. 3: 380-388.
AMM. 2013. “Declaración de Helsinki.” https://www.wma.net/es/policies-post/declaracion-de-helsinki-de-la-amm-principios-eticos-para-las-investigaciones-medicas-en-seres-humanos/
Azparren Andía, Ana. 2017. “Proceso de decisión en la adopción de nuevos fármacos,un análisis desde la vivencia médica.” Tesis, Upna.
Balconi, Margherita y Valeria Lorenzi. 2017. “The increasing role of contract researchorganizations in the evolution of the biopharmaceutical industry.” AfricanJournal of Business Management 11, no. 18: 478-490. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM2017.8360
Ball, Philip. 2020. “Anti-vaccine movement could undermine efforts to end coronaviruspandemic, researchers warn.” Nature 581, no. 7808: 251-252. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-01423-4
Chirumbolo, Salvatore. 2021. “Vaccination hesitancy and the “myth” on mRNAbasedvaccines in Italy in the COVID-19 era: Does urgency meet major safety criteria?”Journal of Medical Virology 93, no. 7: 4049-4053. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26922
Cioms. 2017. “Pautas Éticas Internacionales para la Investigación relacionada conla salud con seres humanos.” https://cioms.ch/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/CIOMS-EthicalGuideline_SP_INTERIOR-FINAL.pdf
Department Of Health, Education, And Welfare. National Commission for the Protectionof Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. 2014. “TheBelmont Report. Ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of humansubjects of research.” The Journal of American College of Dentists 81, no, 3: 4-13.
East, Cara. 2018. “Contract Research Organizations and Monitors.” En: Developinga Successful Clinical Research Program, 127-135. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54693-3_16
Galende-Domínguez, Inés. 2019. “Ética, medicamentos e innovación.” Papeles deEconomía Española 160: 25-208.
Gamboa-Bernal, Gilberto. 2013. “La investigación biomédica tiene otra versión dela Declaración de Helsinki.” Persona Bioética 17, no. 2: 145-150.
Gamboa-Bernal, Gilberto, Luis Celis y Neil Vega. 2014. “La regulación de los Comitésde Ética en Investigación: necesidad imperiosa. Un caso en Colombia.”En: Análisis de protocolos de investigación. Experiencias de los Comités de Ética deInvestigación en Latinoamérica, coordinado por Francisco León-Correa, 59-68.Santiago de Chile: Felaibe-Universidad Central. https://doi.org/10.15381/anales.v68i1.1241
Gómez-Rivero LB. 2019. “Los límites legales y la protección de las personas en losprocedimientos clínicos experimentales en seres humanos.” Córdoba:Ues21.
Gonçalves-Dos Santos, Anamaria, Anelise Crippa, Andressa Daron-Giordani, NatáliaMoreira Vieira y Carlos Isaia Filho. 2018. “La investigación clínica desdela perspectiva de la integridad.” Revista Bioética 26, no. 2: 172-182. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-80422018262237
Ibáñez, L. “La OMS marca 13 prioridades sanitarias urgentes para esta década.”https://www.diariomedico.com/politica/la-oms-marca-13-prioridades-sanitarias-urgentes-para-esta-decada.html
International Council for Harmonisation. 2017. “Integrated Addendum to ICHE6 (R1): Guideline for Good Clinical Practice E6 (R2).” https://admin.ich.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/E6_R2__Step_4_Presentation_06Feb2017.pdf
Kofler, Natalie. 2019. “Why were scientists silent over gene-edited babies?” Nature566: 427. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-00662-4
Liszewski, Kathy. 2021. “Good CROs Make Dream Teams, Great CROs Make Dynasties.”Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News 41, no. 6: 48-50. https://doi.org/10.1089/gen.41.06.15
Márquez, Marveya. 2019. “Configuración económica de la industria farmacéutica.”Actualidad contable Faces 21, no. 38: 61-100.
Mejía-Rivera, Orlando. 2019. “Los ensayos clínicos: entre la investigación y elmarketing. Una perspectiva bioética.” Academia de Medicina de Caldas. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VewZImUJRDc&feature=youtu.be
Moore, Francis. 1970. “Therapeutic innovation: ethical boundaries in the initialclinical trials of new drugs and surgical procedures.” CA A Cancer Journal forClinicians 20, no. 4: 212-227. https://doi.org/10.3322/canjclin.20.4.212
Mounika, I y Ramu, B. 2018. “Lifestyle drugs: concept and impact on society.” Journalof Human Virology & Retrovirology 6, no. 2: 46-49. https://doi.org/10.15406/jhvrv.2018.06.00194
Ng Wern, Xiang Liu y Suresh Mahalingam. 2020. “Development of vaccinesfor SARS-CoV-2.” F1000Research 9: 991. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.
25998.125. Nordling, Linda. 2018. “Europe’s biggest research fund cracks down on ‘ethicsdumping’.” Nature 559: 17-18. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-05616-w
Novoa-Heckel, Germán, Rosemarie Bernabe y Jorge Linares. 2017. “Exportaciónde prácticas éticas deficientes de investigación biomédica hacia países con menorgrado de desarrollo.” Revista de Bioética y Derecho 40: 167-177.
OMS. 1995. “Directrices de Buenas Prácticas Clínicas (BPC) para ensayos conproductos farmacéuticos.” https://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/pdf/whozip13e/whozip13e.pdf
OMS. 2005. “Handbook for Good Clinical Research Practice (GCP). Guidancefor Implementation.” https://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/safety_efficacy/gcp1.pdf
OPS. S. f. “Buenas Prácticas Clínicas: Documento de las Américas.” [Consultado:31 de agosto del 2021]. http://digicollection.org/hss/es/m/abstract/Js18627es/
Otte, Andreas, Herbert Maier-Lenz y Rudi Dierckx. 2005. “Good clinical practice:Historical background and key aspects.” Nuclear Medicine Communications 26:563-74. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mnm.0000168408.03133.e3
Ponce, Marcelo. 2018. “Big Pharma, Money, and Public Health: Is Truth-Telling(Parrhesia) a Duty in a Context of Freedom of Speech?” SSRN 26, no. III: 1-24.https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3145098
Ruiz-Cantero, María Teresa. 2017. “Los medios de comunicación y la salud. De lamedicalización a las enfermedades imaginarias.” En Comunicación y salud, coordinadopor Ubaldo Cuesta, 613-623. Madrid: Dextra.
Schroeder, Doris, Kate Chatfield, Michelle Singh, Roger Chennells y Peter Herissone-Kelly. 2019a. “Ethics Dumping and the Need for a Global Code ofConduct.” En Equitable Research Partnerships, 1-4. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15745-6_1
Schroeder, Doris, Kate Chatfield, Michelle Singh, Roger Chennells y Peter Herissone-Kelly. 2019b. “Exploitation Risks in Collaborative International Research.”En Equitable Research Partnerships, 37-50. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15745-6_5
Schroeder, Doris, Kate Chatfield, Michelle Singh, Roger Chennells y Peter Herissone-Kelly. 2019c. “The Four Values Framework: Fairness, Respect, Care andHonesty.” En Equitable Research Partnerships, 13-26. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15745-6_3
Semana. 2021. “Invima autorizó ensayo de vacunas de la OMS en Colombia.” [Consultado:13 de septiembre del 2021]. https://www.semana.com/coronavirus/articulo/invima-autorizo-ensayo-de-vacunas-de-la-oms-en-colombia/202102/
Serota, David. 2020. “The History of CROs: Including CRO Snapshots.” En ContractResearch and Development Organizations-Their History, Selection, and Utilization,37-75. Springer Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43073-3_2
Siotis, Georges. 2019. “Política de la competencia en el sector farmacéutico.” Papelesde Economía Española 160: 105-210.
Suárez-Obando, Fernando. 2015. “Un marco ético amplio para la investigacióncientífica en seres humanos: más allá de los códigos y las declaraciones. Lapropuesta de Ezekiel J. Emanuel.” Persona y Bioética 19, no. 2: 182-197. https://doi.org/10.5294/pebi.2015.19.2.2
Tajer, Carlos. 2011. “Hacia la investigación clínica independiente en AméricaLatina: un comentario a Cuatro palabras sobre ensayos clínicos.” Salud colectiva7: 152-156. https://doi.org/10.18294/sc.2011.371
Tarnowski, J, D. Krishna, L. Jespers, A. Ketkar, R. Haddock, J. Imrie y S. Kili.2017. “Delivering advanced therapies: the big pharma approach.” Gene Therapy24: 593-598. https://doi.org/10.1038/gt.2017.65
Ten-Have, Henk y Maria do Céu Patrão-Neves. 2021. “Contract Research Organizations.”En Dictionary of Global Bioethics, 371. Springer Cham.Unesco. 2005. “Declaración Universal sobre Bioética y Derechos Humanos de la
UNESCO.” https://www.unisabana.edu.co/fileadmin/Archivos_de_usuario/Documentos/Documentos_Investigacion/Docs_Comite_Etica/UNESCO__Bioetica_y_Derechos_Humanos_2005_unisabana.pdf