Morales FA, Capó PV, Peraza BJ, S Eom K, de Armas RY

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Human sparganosis is a zoonosis caused by the plerocercoid larvae (Sparganum) genus Spirometra (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae). More than 2000 cases have been reported in the world, 80% occur in China, followed by Korea, Thailand and Japan. Few cases are described in Africa, Europe and America. The disease has been recorded in individuals who travel to endemic regions or who migrate from endemic to non-endemic countries.
The life cycle of the parasite involves three intermediate hosts. The first are the copepods (Cyclopidea) that carry the procercoid larvae. These are ingested by amphibians, reptiles, chickens, pigs and wild animals (second hosts) where the development to plerocercoid occurs. The most common definitive hosts are canids and felines.
Humans are mainly infected through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat from second intermediate hosts, the ingestion of untreated water, or the use of raw meat in traditional poultices. Sparganum have been found in the brain, eyes, breasts, spinal cord, and subcutaneous tissue, producing local tissue damage, paralysis, blindness, and death.

REFERENCES

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