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2022, Number Esp

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Sal Jal 2022; 9 (Esp)

Lactancia materna y microbiota

Méndez-León EM, Salazar-Quiñones IC, Castro-Albarrán J

Language: Spanish
References: 22
Page: 61-65
PDF size: 232.87 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Breast milk is a complex biological fluid, it adapts to the nutritional and immunological requirements of the infant according to its growth and development, this unique food contains a significant diversity of microorganisms that make up the microbiota of human milk composed of bacteria and viruses that meet important physiological, metabolic and immunological functions; These organisms are transferred from maternal microbial communities to the newborn through multiple mechanisms, including colonization before birth, during delivery with the mother‘s vaginal and fecal microbiota, the skin in contact with the infant‘s oral cavity to the mammary gland during lactation, as well as by the enteromammary pathway, where bacteria from the maternal intestine colonize the mammary gland. Among the species of bacteria commonly isolated from breast milk are: Lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, streptococci, enterococci, leuconostoc, and staphylococci. The alteration of the intestinal microbiota in the newborn, both in term and premature infants, is related to proinflammatory diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchodysplasia, ventricular leukomalacia and an increased risk of nosocomial sepsis. Breastfeeding has a great impact on public health, girls and boys who are breastfed have a lower risk of mortality in the first year of life, better cognitive development and prevents chronic degenerative diseases in the future.


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