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2022, Number 2

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Rev Med UAS 2022; 12 (2)

Microsatellites instability as a biological marker for the administration of Pembrolizumab

Fernández-Galindo MA, Moreno-Ortiz JM, Contreras-Gutiérrez JA, Martínez-Félix JI, Guerrero-Valdez M, Beltrán-Ontiveros SA

Language: Spanish
References: 40
Page: 135-142
PDF size: 263.96 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Microsatellites are short tandem repeating DNA sequences, distributed within the genome, that are prone to replication errors. The mismatch repair system (MMR) is responsible for identifying, signaling, and repairing mismatched bases, primarily in repetitive DNA sequences. Inactivation of any of the genes that encode MMR proteins can cause changes in the length of the microsatellites, and like a consequence a hypermutable phenotype known as microsatellite instability (MSI), a well-established tumorigenesis pathway related to the appearance, progression, and prognosis of various malignant neoplasms. Due to the large number of somatic mutations, MSI tumors are more sensitive to immunotherapy. The FDA has approved a monoclonal antibody as a treatment for pediatric and adult patients with MSI solid tumors, which has demonstrated robust and long-lasting antitumor activity and a manageable safety profile against various advanced malignancies.


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