Milián F, Sánchez LM, Toledo P, Ramírez C, Santillán MA

Language: English
References: 15
Page: 13-20
PDF size: 68.08 Kb.

ABSTRACT

A 5-year retrospective study (1992-1996) to look at the situation of human tuberculosis was conducted in Querétaro, México. Also, a 6-month study to determine the frequency of gross lesions in dairy cattle at slaughter, and a short experiment to evaluate the effect of sodium borate in the survival of M. bovis in lesions were carried out. The number of cases were 114 in 1992, 211 in 1995, and 174 in 1996. Possible risk factors were: overcrowding, under-nutrition, previous cases of TB in the family, concurrent Diabetes mellitus, poor personal hygiene, smoking, and alcohol abuse. Eighty percent of the cases were pulmonary. The number of cases increase with age, from 5% in patients 10-year old or younger to 42% in patients 50-year old or older. Seventy-two percent were cured, and only 6% die. Persistent coughing was by far the most observed clinical symptom. From 112 acid-fast negative samples, 8.9% were positive by culture. From 1,201 carcasses revised at slaughter, 17% presented TB-gross lesions. Ninety-six percent were localized lesions involving frequently a single organ, mostly retropharyngeal, mediastinal, mesenteric and mandibular lymph. From 102 lesions, 95% were TB-compatible, and 79% were positive to isolation of M. bovis. Most affected animals were female › 2 years old. It was observed that keeping lesions in a 6% sodium borate solution does not affect the diagnosis of M. bovis by culture after 150 days.

REFERENCES

1. Committee on bovine tuberculosis, Board of agriculture. 1994. National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20418.

2. CONASA. 1997. Reporte Anual del Consejo Nacional de Sanidad Animal. Centro Médico Nacional. México, D. F.

3. Corner, L. A. 1994. Post mortem diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle. Vet. Microbiol. 40:53-63.

4. Corner, L. A., A. Melville, L. McCubbin, K. J. Small, B. S. McCormicks, P. R. Wood, and J. S. Rothel. 1990. Efficiency of inspection procedures for the detection of tuberculous lesions in cattle. Aust. Vet. J. 67:389-392.

5. Daborn, C. J., and J. M. Grange. 1993. HIV/AIDS and its implications for the control of animal tuberculosis. Br. Vet. J. 149:405-417.

6. Dankner, W. M., N. J. Waecker, M. A. Essey, K. Moser, M. Thomson and C. E. Davis. 1993. Mycobacterium bovis infections in San Diego: a clinicoepidemiologic study of 73 patients and a historical review of a forgotten pathogen. Medicine (Baltimore) 72:11-37.

7. Dolin, P. J., M. C. Raviglione, A. Kochi. 1994. Global tuberculosis incidence and mortality during 1990-2000. Bull W. H. O. 72:213-220.

8. Epidemilogía. 1997. Enfermedades Respiratorias. Sistema único de información para la vigilancia epidemiológica. Semana 25, 15 al 21 de junio. México.

9. Ferebee, S. H. 1970. Controlled chemoprophylaxis studies in tuberculosis: a general review. Adv. Tuberculosis Res. 17:28-106.

10. Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 1995. Essential components of a tuberculosis prevention and control program: recommendations of the advisory council for the elimination of tuberculosis. 44:1-18.

11. Panamerican Health Organization. 1991. Health conditions in the Americas, 1990, vol. 1. Scientific Publication No. 524. Pan-American Health Organization, Washington, D.C.

12. Payeur, J. B., J. L. Jarnagi, J. J. Marquardt, L. A. Schaper, B. M Martin. 1992. Laboratory Methods in Veterinary Mycobacteriology for isolation and identification of mycobacteria. NVSL-USDA:APHIS, Ames, Iowa.

13. Sutherland, I. and P. M. Fayers. 1975. The association of the risk of infection with age. Bull. Int. Union Tuberculosis. 50:71-81.

14. Vynnycky, E., and P. E. M. Fine. 1997. The natural history of tuberculosis: the implications of agedependent risks of disease and the role of reinfection. Epidemiol. Infect. 119:183-201.

15. World Health Organization. 1996. Groups at risk: WHO report on the tuberculosis epidemic. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.