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Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2022, Number 3

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Med Int Mex 2022; 38 (3)

Circadian clocks and prolonged fasting: Therapeutic potential in the treatment of metabolic diseases

Fernández-De La Torre M, Hernández-Díaz P, Aspe-Viñolas J, Ahumada-Ayala M

Language: Spanish
References: 74
Page: 649-664
PDF size: 287.31 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Circadian rhythms are biological phenomena, occurring in almost all living species, which are cyclically repeated every 24 hours, in synchrony with earth rotation. They provide rhythmicity to many physiological functions and make it possible to anticipate the most appropriate metabolic response to recurrent events, while maintaining homeostasis. Circadian rhythms are controlled by sophisticated intracellular molecular mechanisms. The central or master clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei and it is synchronized with the peripheral clocks located in most other tissues. There are external clues or zeitgebers, that allow the synchronization and harmony of circadian clocks. The main zeitgeber of the central clock are the light-dark periods. While the composition and schedule of the diet, sleep periods, and physical activity are zeitgebers acting mainly on peripheral clocks. Modern lifestyle characterized by increased use of electronic screens emitting blue-light, night-time working shifts, high-fat diets, and irregular eating patterns may directly interfere with the harmonious functioning of circadian clocks. Chronic circadian desynchrony is possibly involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension, metabolic syndrome and obesity. Prolonged nocturnal fasting can be used as a tool for adjusting circadian clocks, a reduced feeding-time window with regular caloric intake allow a timely metabolic response which is in synchrony with circadian genes. Aligning of circadian clocks represents a potential ancillary method for preventing and treating metabolic diseases.


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