medigraphic.com
ISSN 1025-0298 (Electronic)
ISSN 1025-028X (Print)

2021, Number 1

<< Back Next >>

VacciMonitor 2021; 30 (1)

Alternative method for the evaluation of monovalent inactivated foot and mouth disease virus vaccine

Samy-Abousenna M, Khafagy H, Abotaleb MM, Mahmoud-Darwish D, Barghooth W, Shafik N

Language: English
References: 21
Page: 4-9
PDF size: 291.06 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Foot and mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals that has a significant economic impact on livestock. A recent outbreak was detected and recorded as exotic strain of foot and mouth disease virus SAT2 (Serotype SAT2, topotype VII, Lib-12 lineage). The emergency vaccine was produced and assessed in vivo and large number of vaccine batches were urgently needed. The present work was aimed to provide a rapid evaluation of inactivated foot and mouth disease SAT2 oily vaccine to exclude the unsatisfactory batches during emergency circumstances and to reduce time, effort and cost. The extraction of foot and mouth disease antigen content from oily adjuvanted vaccine was carried out using isopropyl myristate and benzyl alcohol methods. The extracted viral antigen was identified by foot and mouse disease serotyping ELISA and 146S content was quantified using sucrose density gradient analysis. Evaluations were carried out instantly and at 2h, 6h and 24h. The results indicated the efficiency of benzyl alcohol to breakdown the oil emulsion either MONTANIDE™ ISA 206 VG or MONTANIDE™ ISA 50 V2, while the isopropyl myristate was efficient for MONTANIDE™ ISA 50 V2 only. The identification and quantification of 146S for extracted antigen using benzyl alcohol indicated significant stable records at different time intervals for the vaccine batches, while the extraction using isopropyl myristate indicated unstable records at different time intervals. It was concluded that the evaluation of monovalent foot and mouse disease vaccine could be conducted in vitro, using serotyping ELISA and quantification of 146S for the extracted antigen, either using benzyl alcohol or isopropyl myristate (MONTANIDE™ ISA 50 V2 only), with the consideration that 146S content should not less than 4 μg/mL.


REFERENCES

  1. Smith MT, Bennett AM, Grubman MJ, Bundye BC. Foot and Mouth Disease, Technical and political challenges to eradication. Vaccine.2014;32:3902-8. https://10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.038.

  2. OIE. Organization for Animal Health. Foot and Mouth Disease (infection with foot and mouth disease). En: OIE. World Organization for Animal Health. Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals (mammals, birds, bees). Paris: OIE;2018.p.433-64. Available from: https://www.oie.int/.

  3. Grubman MJ, Baxt B. Foot-and-mouth disease. Clin Microbiol Rev.2004;17(2):465-93.

  4. Larskane M, Wernery U, Kinne J, Schuster R, Alexandersen G, Alexandersen S. Differences in the susceptibility of dromedary and Bactrian camels to foot and mouth disease virus. Epidemiol Infect.2009;137:549-54.

  5. Nermeen SG, Darwish DM, Abousenna MS, Galal M, Ahmed AR, Attya M, et al. Efficacy of a commercial local trivalent Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) vaccine against recently isolated O-EA3. Inter J Vet Sci.2019;8(1):35-8. Available from: https://www.ijvets.com/pdf-files/volume-8-no-1-2019/35-38pdf.

  6. Lockhart C, Sumption K, Pino J, Lubroth J. Foot and Mouth Disease caused by serotype SAT2 in Egypt and Libya. Empress Watch.2012;25:1-7.

  7. Bazid AI, Hussein HA, Balal SS, El sanousi AA, Ahmed BM. Phylogenatic analysis of Foot and Mouth Disease virus type in Egypt 2009. Int J Virol.2014;10:28-36. doi: https://10.3923/ijv.2014.28.36.

  8. Soltan MA, Dohreig RMA, Abbas H, Ellawa M, Yousif I, Aly AE, et al. Emergence of Foot and mouth disease virus, Lib 12 lineage of topotype VII, serotype SAT2 in Egypt, 2018. Transbound Emerg Dis.2019;66:1105-6. doi: https://10.1111/tbed.13152.

  9. Scott MR, Mioulet V, Nick JK, Shirazi N, Graham J, Belsham DP. Development of tailored real-time RT-PCR assays for the detectionand differentiation of serotype O, A and Asia-1 foot-and-mouth disease virus lineages circulating in the Middle East. J Virol Methods.2014;207:146-53. doi: https://10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.07.002.

  10. Cox SJ, Voyce C, Parida S, Reid SM, Hamblin PA, Hutchings G, et al. Effect of emergency FMD vaccine antigen payload on protection, subclinical infection and persistence following direct contact challenge of cattle.Vaccine.2006;4:3184-90.

  11. Pay TW, Hingley PJ. Correlation of 140S antigen dose with the serum neutralizing antibody response and the level of protection induced in cattle by foot-and-mouth disease vaccines. Vaccine.1987;5(1):60-4.

  12. Maas RA, Komen M, van Diepen M, Oei HL, Claassen IJ. Correlation of haemagglutinin-neuraminidase and fusion protein content with protective antibody response after immunisation with inactivated Newcastle disease vaccines. Vaccine.2003;23:3137-42.

  13. Miles AP, Saul A. Extraction and characterization of vaccine antigens from water-in-oil adjuvant formulations. In: Smales CM and James DC. Therapeutic Proteins: Methods and Protocols. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press;2005.p.293-300.

  14. Barteling SJ, Meloen RH. A simple method for the quantification of 140S particles of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Arch Gesamte Virusforsch.1974;45(4):362-4.

  15. Doel TR. FMD vaccines. Virus Res.2003;91:81-99.

  16. Saravanan P, Iqbal Z, Selvaraj DPR, Aparna M, Umapathi V, Krishnaswamy N, Tamilselvan RP. Comparison of chemical extraction methods for determination of 146S content in foot-and-mouth disease oil-adjuvanted vaccine. J Appl Microbiol.2020;128(1):65-73. doi: https://10.1111/jam.14465.

  17. Namatovu A, Tjørnehøj K, Belsham GJ, Dhikusooka MT, Wekesa SN, Muwanika VB, et al. Characterization of foot-and-mouth disease viruses (FMDVs) from Ugandan cattle outbreaks during 2012-2013: Evidence for circulation of multiple serotypes. PloSOne.2015:10(2):e0114811. doi:https://10.1371/journal.pone.0114811.

  18. Wungak YS, Ishola OO, Olugasa BO, Lazarus DD, Ehizibolo DO, Ularamu HG. Spatial pattern of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes in North Central Nigeria. Vet World.2017;10(4):450-6. doi: https://10.14202/vetworld.2017.450-456.

  19. Abu-Elnaga HI, Hossam GF, Ekbal MF, Ehab EI, Mohamed Gamil, Said Zidan. Correlation between foot-and-mouth disease virus antigenic mass, titer and immune response in vaccinated sheep. Benha Veterinary Medical Journal.2015;28(2):12-9. Available from: https://www.bvmj.bu.edu.eg/issues/28-2/2.pdf.

  20. Doel TR. Optimization of the immune response to foot-and-mouth disease vaccines.Vaccine.1999;17:1767-71.

  21. Patil PK, Bayry J, Ramakrihna C, Hugar B, Misra LD, Prabhudas K, Natarajan C. Immune responses of sheep to quadrivalent double emulsion foot-and-mouth disease vaccines: Rate of development of immunity and variations among other ruminants. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40:4367-71.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com